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black maidenhair fern, common maidenhair, southern maiden-hair, southern maidenhair fern, Venus hair, Venus hair fern, Venus's-hair fern

fuzzy maidenhair, hairy maidenhair

Stems

short-creeping;

scales golden brown to medium brown, concolored, iridescent, margins entire or occasionally with single broad tooth near base.

short-creeping to nearly erect;

scales dark reddish brown, concolored, margins entire or minutely denticulate.

Leaves

lax-arching or pendent, closely spaced, 15–75 cm.

arching or pendent, densely clustered, 20–62 cm.

Petiole

0.5–1.5 mm diam., glabrous, occasionally glaucous.

0.8–1 mm diam., glabrous, occasionally glaucous.

Blade

lanceolate, pinnate, 10–45 × 4–15 cm, glabrous, gradually reduced distally;

proximal pinnae 3(–4)-pinnate;

rachis straight to flexuous, glabrous, not glaucous.

ovate, pinnate, 15–38 × 8–26 cm, gradually reduced distally, hirsute;

proximal pinnae 3–4-pinnate;

rachis straight or becoming flexuous, glabrous, not glaucous.

Ultimate segments

various, generally cuneate or fan-shaped to irregularly rhombic (plants in American southwest occasionally with segments nearly round), about as long as broad;

base broadly to narrowly cuneate;

margins shallowly to deeply lobed, incisions 0.5–7 mm, occasionally ± laciniate, sharply denticulate in sterile segments;

apex rounded to acute.

transversely oblong, nearly round, or fan-shaped, about as long as broad;

base truncate or cuneate;

margins of fertile segments crenulate or entire, sterile segments with margins serrulate;

apex rounded.

Indusia

transversely oblong or crescent-shaped, 1–3(–7) mm, glabrous.

transversely oblong or crescent-shaped, 0.5–4 mm, covered with whitish needlelike trichomes.

Spores

mostly 40–50 µm diam. 2n = 120.

mostly 35–53 µm diam.

Segment

stalks 0.5–3.5 mm, dark color extending into segment base.

stalks 1–4 mm, dark color ending ± abruptly at segment base.

Adiantum capillus-veneris

Adiantum tricholepis

Phenology Sporulating spring–summer. Sporulating late winter–early spring.
Habitat Moist calcareous cliffs, banks, and ledges along streams and rivers, walls of lime sinks, canyon walls (in the American southwest), around foundations, on mortar of storm drains Moist, shaded, limestone cliffs along streams and rivers, on boulders in creeks, and among rocks on steep slopes
Elevation 0–2500 m (0–8200 ft) 200–500 m (700–1600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; FL; GA; KY; LA; MO; MS; NC; NM; NV; OK; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; BC; Mexico; Central America; West Indies; South America in Venezuela; Peru; tropical to warm temperate regions in Eurasia and Africa
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
TX; Mexico; Central America in Guatemala; Belize
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

No evident pattern to morphologic variation in the species is discernible, although a number of segregate species and infraspecific taxa have been recognized within North American Adiantum capillus-veneris. In the Eastern Hemisphere, the species is diploid, with 2n = 60 (I. Manton 1950). Several tetraploid counts have been reported from North America (W. H. Wagner Jr. 1963). Spore-measurement data suggest, however, that the polyploid cytotype may not be widely distributed. Further investigation is needed to determine whether Adiantum capillus-veneris populations in North America are conspecific with those in Eurasia and Africa.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Adiantum tricholepis occurs in the flora only in Bandera and Medina counties on the Edwards Plateau in central Texas. Collections identified as A. tricholepis from the mouth of the Pecos River are Adiantum capillus-veneris.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 2. FNA vol. 2.
Parent taxa Pteridaceae > Adiantum Pteridaceae > Adiantum
Sibling taxa
A. aleuticum, A. hispidulum, A. jordanii, A. melanoleucum, A. pedatum, A. tenerum, A. tricholepis, A. viridimontanum
A. aleuticum, A. capillus-veneris, A. hispidulum, A. jordanii, A. melanoleucum, A. pedatum, A. tenerum, A. viridimontanum
Synonyms A. capillus-veneris var. modestum, A. capillus-veneris var. protrusum, A. capillus-veneris var. rimicola
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1096. (1753) Fée
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