Adiantum capillus-veneris |
Adiantum tricholepis |
|
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black maidenhair fern, common maidenhair, southern maiden-hair, southern maidenhair fern, Venus hair, Venus hair fern, Venus's-hair fern |
fuzzy maidenhair, hairy maidenhair |
|
Stems | short-creeping; scales golden brown to medium brown, concolored, iridescent, margins entire or occasionally with single broad tooth near base. |
short-creeping to nearly erect; scales dark reddish brown, concolored, margins entire or minutely denticulate. |
Leaves | lax-arching or pendent, closely spaced, 15–75 cm. |
arching or pendent, densely clustered, 20–62 cm. |
Petiole | 0.5–1.5 mm diam., glabrous, occasionally glaucous. |
0.8–1 mm diam., glabrous, occasionally glaucous. |
Blade | lanceolate, pinnate, 10–45 × 4–15 cm, glabrous, gradually reduced distally; proximal pinnae 3(–4)-pinnate; rachis straight to flexuous, glabrous, not glaucous. |
ovate, pinnate, 15–38 × 8–26 cm, gradually reduced distally, hirsute; proximal pinnae 3–4-pinnate; rachis straight or becoming flexuous, glabrous, not glaucous. |
Ultimate segments | various, generally cuneate or fan-shaped to irregularly rhombic (plants in American southwest occasionally with segments nearly round), about as long as broad; base broadly to narrowly cuneate; margins shallowly to deeply lobed, incisions 0.5–7 mm, occasionally ± laciniate, sharply denticulate in sterile segments; apex rounded to acute. |
transversely oblong, nearly round, or fan-shaped, about as long as broad; base truncate or cuneate; margins of fertile segments crenulate or entire, sterile segments with margins serrulate; apex rounded. |
Indusia | transversely oblong or crescent-shaped, 1–3(–7) mm, glabrous. |
transversely oblong or crescent-shaped, 0.5–4 mm, covered with whitish needlelike trichomes. |
Spores | mostly 40–50 µm diam. 2n = 120. |
mostly 35–53 µm diam. |
Segment | stalks 0.5–3.5 mm, dark color extending into segment base. |
stalks 1–4 mm, dark color ending ± abruptly at segment base. |
Adiantum capillus-veneris |
Adiantum tricholepis |
|
Phenology | Sporulating spring–summer. | Sporulating late winter–early spring. |
Habitat | Moist calcareous cliffs, banks, and ledges along streams and rivers, walls of lime sinks, canyon walls (in the American southwest), around foundations, on mortar of storm drains | Moist, shaded, limestone cliffs along streams and rivers, on boulders in creeks, and among rocks on steep slopes |
Elevation | 0–2500 m (0–8200 ft) | 200–500 m (700–1600 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; FL; GA; KY; LA; MO; MS; NC; NM; NV; OK; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; BC; Mexico; Central America; West Indies; South America in Venezuela; Peru; tropical to warm temperate regions in Eurasia and Africa
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TX; Mexico; Central America in Guatemala; Belize |
Discussion | No evident pattern to morphologic variation in the species is discernible, although a number of segregate species and infraspecific taxa have been recognized within North American Adiantum capillus-veneris. In the Eastern Hemisphere, the species is diploid, with 2n = 60 (I. Manton 1950). Several tetraploid counts have been reported from North America (W. H. Wagner Jr. 1963). Spore-measurement data suggest, however, that the polyploid cytotype may not be widely distributed. Further investigation is needed to determine whether Adiantum capillus-veneris populations in North America are conspecific with those in Eurasia and Africa. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Adiantum tricholepis occurs in the flora only in Bandera and Medina counties on the Edwards Plateau in central Texas. Collections identified as A. tricholepis from the mouth of the Pecos River are Adiantum capillus-veneris. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 2. | FNA vol. 2. |
Parent taxa | Pteridaceae > Adiantum | Pteridaceae > Adiantum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | A. capillus-veneris var. modestum, A. capillus-veneris var. protrusum, A. capillus-veneris var. rimicola | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1096. (1753) | Fée |
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