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black maidenhair fern, common maidenhair, southern maiden-hair, southern maidenhair fern, Venus hair, Venus hair fern, Venus's-hair fern

fragrant maidenhair

Stems

short-creeping;

scales golden brown to medium brown, concolored, iridescent, margins entire or occasionally with single broad tooth near base.

short-creeping;

scales dark reddish brown, concolored, margins entire.

Leaves

lax-arching or pendent, closely spaced, 15–75 cm.

arching to erect, clustered, (15–)35–80 cm.

Petiole

0.5–1.5 mm diam., glabrous, occasionally glaucous.

1–2 mm diam., minutely rough, abaxially strigose, not glaucous.

Blade

lanceolate, pinnate, 10–45 × 4–15 cm, glabrous, gradually reduced distally;

proximal pinnae 3(–4)-pinnate;

rachis straight to flexuous, glabrous, not glaucous.

ovate, pinnate, 1-pinnate distally (small leaves 1-pinnate throughout), (11–)15–35 × (3.5–)8–15 cm, glabrous;

proximal pinnae (and sometimes also next 2–3 pairs) 1–2(–3)-pinnate;

rachis straight, densely minutely rough.

Ultimate segments

various, generally cuneate or fan-shaped to irregularly rhombic (plants in American southwest occasionally with segments nearly round), about as long as broad;

base broadly to narrowly cuneate;

margins shallowly to deeply lobed, incisions 0.5–7 mm, occasionally ± laciniate, sharply denticulate in sterile segments;

apex rounded to acute.

oblong, about 2 times as long as broad;

basiscopic margin straight or sometimes oblique;

acroscopic margin shallowly lobed, lobes separated by narrow incisions;

apex obtuse, shallowly lobed.

Indusia

transversely oblong or crescent-shaped, 1–3(–7) mm, glabrous.

False indusia

crescent-shaped, 1–4.5 mm, glabrous.

Spores

mostly 40–50 µm diam. 2n = 120.

mostly 40–50 µm diam. 2n = 60.

Segment

stalks 0.5–3.5 mm, dark color extending into segment base.

stalks 0.1–0.8 mm, dark color entering into segment base.

Adiantum capillus-veneris

Adiantum melanoleucum

Phenology Sporulating spring–summer. Sporulating throughout the year.
Habitat Moist calcareous cliffs, banks, and ledges along streams and rivers, walls of lime sinks, canyon walls (in the American southwest), around foundations, on mortar of storm drains Hammocks and limestone sinks in Everglades National Park
Elevation 0–2500 m (0–8200 ft) 0 m (0 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; FL; GA; KY; LA; MO; MS; NC; NM; NV; OK; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; BC; Mexico; Central America; West Indies; South America in Venezuela; Peru; tropical to warm temperate regions in Eurasia and Africa
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL; West Indies in Greater Antilles; Bahamas
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

No evident pattern to morphologic variation in the species is discernible, although a number of segregate species and infraspecific taxa have been recognized within North American Adiantum capillus-veneris. In the Eastern Hemisphere, the species is diploid, with 2n = 60 (I. Manton 1950). Several tetraploid counts have been reported from North America (W. H. Wagner Jr. 1963). Spore-measurement data suggest, however, that the polyploid cytotype may not be widely distributed. Further investigation is needed to determine whether Adiantum capillus-veneris populations in North America are conspecific with those in Eurasia and Africa.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 2. FNA vol. 2.
Parent taxa Pteridaceae > Adiantum Pteridaceae > Adiantum
Sibling taxa
A. aleuticum, A. hispidulum, A. jordanii, A. melanoleucum, A. pedatum, A. tenerum, A. tricholepis, A. viridimontanum
A. aleuticum, A. capillus-veneris, A. hispidulum, A. jordanii, A. pedatum, A. tenerum, A. tricholepis, A. viridimontanum
Synonyms A. capillus-veneris var. modestum, A. capillus-veneris var. protrusum, A. capillus-veneris var. rimicola
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1096. (1753) Willdenow: Sp. Pl. 5(1): 443. (1810)
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