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California deervetch or trefoil, silver bird's-foot trefoil, silver lotus

silky California broom, silky deerweed

Habit Herbs, perennial, or subshrubs, cespitose and ± prostrate, or shrubby and spreading to ascending, low or robust, silvery or gray, 1–6(–10+) dm, not fleshy, tomentose to canescent or strigose; from woody caudices. Herbs, perennial, sometimes subshrubs, sometimes bushy, gray, 1–10 dm, not fleshy, gray-canescent or strigose; from woody caudices.
Stems

1–20+, prostrate or decumbent to ascending, branched, herbaceous, slender, or ± woody, leafy, sometimes congested at tips.

1–10+, procumbent to ascending, much branched, stiff, sometimes ± woody, leafy.

Leaves

irregularly pinnate to subpalmate;

stipules glandlike; short-petiolate;

rachis 2–10 mm, ± flattened;

leaflets (3 or)4 or 5(–7), blades obovate to elliptic-lanceolate or ovate, apex acute, surfaces densely sericeous.

subpalmate;

stipules glandlike;

subsessile to short-petiolate;

rachis 1–4 mm, flattened;

leaflets usually 3, blades obovate to oblanceolate, apex usually acute, sometimes obtuse to emarginate, surfaces canescent to strigose.

Inflorescences

3–20-flowered, capitate.

1–3(–5)-flowered.

Peduncles

ascending, 0–6(–40) mm, shorter to longer than leaves;

bract absent or unifoliolate, subtending umbel.

ascending, 0–3 mm, shorter than leaves;

bract absent.

Flowers

6–12 mm;

calyx 5–7 mm, tube densely villous, lobes subulate, shorter than or equal to tube;

corolla yellow to orange, turning red or brown, claws shorter than calyx tube, banner implicate-ascending, wings ± equaling keel;

style curved, glabrous.

6–12 mm;

calyx 2–6 mm, tube ± densely strigose, lobes triangular or subulate;

corolla yellow or with red, claws scarcely to much longer than calyx tube, banner implicate-ascending, wings longer than banner and keel;

style curved, glabrous.

Legumes

persistent, included to moderately (–strongly) exserted, ascending to divergent, reddish brown, arched, turgid, not constricted, not septate, lanceoloid, 6–10 × 1–2 mm, leathery, apex short-beaked, tapering, curved or geniculate, indehiscent, smooth, margins keeled smooth, glabrate to silky.

persistent, exserted, reflexed, green to pale reddish brown, straight to ± curved (initially), turgid, not or slightly constricted, not septate, linear-oblong, 10–16 × 1.5–2 mm, leathery, apex tapering, short-beaked, indehiscent, transverse-ridged, margins slightly keeled, smooth, glabrate to ± densely strigillose.

Seeds

1 (or 2), tawny, mottled, curved-oblong, elongate, smooth.

2 or 3+, dull yellowish brown, not mottled, elongate-oblong, smooth.

Acmispon argophyllus

Acmispon procumbens

Distribution
nw Mexico; California
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California
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 6 (5 in the flora).

D. Isely (1981) reported a potential hybrid between Acmispon argophyllus (variety not specified) and A. glaber (variety not specified). Variety ornithopus (Greene) Brouillet is endemic to Guadalupe Island (Baja California, Mexico). In a phylogeographic study of A. agrophylus, L. E. Wallace et al. (2017) showed that the insular endemic varieties are distinct, although var. argenteus is paraphyletic to var. adsurgens, with var. niveus of Santa Cruz sister to all remaining varieties in the species, including the continental ones.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Herbs, perennial; stems prostrate or decumbent-ascending; mainland California.
→ 2
2. Umbels 3–7-flowered, not congested, peduncles 1–6+ mm; calyces 5–6 mm, lobes 1.5–2(–3.5) mm; banner claw shorter than blade; s Sierra Nevada, s California ranges.
var. argophyllus
2. Umbels 10–15-flowered, congested at branch tips, peduncles 0–2 mm; calyces 6–7 mm, lobes 2–3(–5) mm; banner claw scarcely shorter than blade; n Sierra Nevada.
var. fremontii
1. Subshrubs (mostly); stems ascending to erect, sometimes prostrate; Channel Islands.
→ 3
3. Umbels 12–20-flowered, peduncles 5–40 mm.
var. argenteus
3. Umbels 6–13-flowered, peduncles 1–5 mm.
→ 4
4. Stems ascending to erect, densely leafy; umbels 10–13-flowered; San Clemente Island.
var. adsurgens
4. Stems ascending to bushy and spreading, not densely leafy; umbels 6–10-flowered; Anacapa and Santa Cruz islands.
var. niveus
1. Stems procumbent to ascending; inflorescences 1–3(–5)-flowered; flowers 6–8 mm; calyces 2–3 mm, lobes shorter than calyx tube, triangular; petal claws well exserted.
var. procumbens
1. Stems ascending; inflorescences 1 or 2(or 3)-flowered; flowers (7–)9–12 mm; calyces 4–6 mm, lobes ± equaling calyx tube, subulate; petal claws scarcely exserted.
var. jepsonii
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Acmispon Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Acmispon
Sibling taxa
A. americanus, A. argyraeus, A. brachycarpus, A. cytisoides, A. decumbens, A. dendroideus, A. denticulatus, A. glaber, A. grandiflorus, A. haydonii, A. intricatus, A. junceus, A. maritimus, A. mearnsii, A. micranthus, A. neomexicanus, A. parviflorus, A. plebeius, A. procumbens, A. prostratus, A. rigidus, A. rubriflorus, A. strigosus, A. tomentosus, A. utahensis, A. wrangelianus, A. wrightii
A. americanus, A. argophyllus, A. argyraeus, A. brachycarpus, A. cytisoides, A. decumbens, A. dendroideus, A. denticulatus, A. glaber, A. grandiflorus, A. haydonii, A. intricatus, A. junceus, A. maritimus, A. mearnsii, A. micranthus, A. neomexicanus, A. parviflorus, A. plebeius, A. prostratus, A. rigidus, A. rubriflorus, A. strigosus, A. tomentosus, A. utahensis, A. wrangelianus, A. wrightii
Subordinate taxa
A. argophyllus var. adsurgens, A. argophyllus var. argenteus, A. argophyllus var. argophyllus, A. argophyllus var. fremontii, A. argophyllus var. niveus
A. procumbens var. jepsonii, A. procumbens var. procumbens
Synonyms Hosackia argophylla, Lotus argophyllus, Syrmatium argophyllum Hosackia procumbens, Lotus procumbens, Syrmatium procumbens
Name authority (A. Gray) Brouillet: J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2: 388. (2008) (Greene) Brouillet: J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2: 392. (2008)
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