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California deervetch or trefoil, silver bird's-foot trefoil, silver lotus

San Diego bird's-foot trefoil, small flower lotus

Habit Herbs, perennial, or subshrubs, cespitose and ± prostrate, or shrubby and spreading to ascending, low or robust, silvery or gray, 1–6(–10+) dm, not fleshy, tomentose to canescent or strigose; from woody caudices. Herbs annual, cespitose, prostrate, green, 1–8 dm, not fleshy, glabrous or ± villosulous; taprooted.
Stems

1–20+, prostrate or decumbent to ascending, branched, herbaceous, slender, or ± woody, leafy, sometimes congested at tips.

1–10+, procumbent to ascending, unbranched, herbaceous, leafy.

Leaves

irregularly pinnate to subpalmate;

stipules glandlike; short-petiolate;

rachis 2–10 mm, ± flattened;

leaflets (3 or)4 or 5(–7), blades obovate to elliptic-lanceolate or ovate, apex acute, surfaces densely sericeous.

irregularly pinnate or palmate;

stipules glandlike or absent; short-petiolate to subsessile;

rachis 4–8 mm, sometimes flattened;

leaflets 4–6, often 2 on one side and 2 terminal, blades obovate to elliptic, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces ± villous.

Inflorescences

3–20-flowered, capitate.

2–5-flowered.

Peduncles

ascending, 0–6(–40) mm, shorter to longer than leaves;

bract absent or unifoliolate, subtending umbel.

ascending, 1–2(–5) mm, shorter than leaves;

bract absent.

Flowers

6–12 mm;

calyx 5–7 mm, tube densely villous, lobes subulate, shorter than or equal to tube;

corolla yellow to orange, turning red or brown, claws shorter than calyx tube, banner implicate-ascending, wings ± equaling keel;

style curved, glabrous.

3–4(–5) mm;

calyx 1–1.5(–2.5) mm, tube strigillose to villosulous, lobes subulate;

corolla yellowish, claws shorter than calyx tube, banner implicate-ascending, wings shorter than keel;

style abruptly incurved 90°, strigillose.

Legumes

persistent, included to moderately (–strongly) exserted, ascending to divergent, reddish brown, arched, turgid, not constricted, not septate, lanceoloid, 6–10 × 1–2 mm, leathery, apex short-beaked, tapering, curved or geniculate, indehiscent, smooth, margins keeled smooth, glabrate to silky.

persistent, strongly exserted, widely spreading or reflexed, tawny, arched, turgid, constricted, not septate, linear, 10–15 × 1–2 mm, leathery, apex tapering, long hook-beaked, indehiscent, veined, margins keeled, smooth, strigillose (also on beak).

Seeds

1 (or 2), tawny, mottled, curved-oblong, elongate, smooth.

2, olive green, mottled, ± curved, cylindric, smooth.

2n

= 14.

Acmispon argophyllus

Acmispon micranthus

Phenology Flowering (late winter–)spring(–early summer).
Habitat Coastal scrub, mesas, desert canyons, washes, disturbed areas, dry, gravelly plains and hillsides, prairies, roadsides.
Elevation 0–600 m. (0–2000 ft.)
Distribution
nw Mexico; California
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; Mexico (Baja California)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 6 (5 in the flora).

D. Isely (1981) reported a potential hybrid between Acmispon argophyllus (variety not specified) and A. glaber (variety not specified). Variety ornithopus (Greene) Brouillet is endemic to Guadalupe Island (Baja California, Mexico). In a phylogeographic study of A. agrophylus, L. E. Wallace et al. (2017) showed that the insular endemic varieties are distinct, although var. argenteus is paraphyletic to var. adsurgens, with var. niveus of Santa Cruz sister to all remaining varieties in the species, including the continental ones.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Acmispon micranthus occurs in the southern South Coast Ranges, the South Coast, the Channel Islands, and the Peninsular Ranges.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Herbs, perennial; stems prostrate or decumbent-ascending; mainland California.
→ 2
2. Umbels 3–7-flowered, not congested, peduncles 1–6+ mm; calyces 5–6 mm, lobes 1.5–2(–3.5) mm; banner claw shorter than blade; s Sierra Nevada, s California ranges.
var. argophyllus
2. Umbels 10–15-flowered, congested at branch tips, peduncles 0–2 mm; calyces 6–7 mm, lobes 2–3(–5) mm; banner claw scarcely shorter than blade; n Sierra Nevada.
var. fremontii
1. Subshrubs (mostly); stems ascending to erect, sometimes prostrate; Channel Islands.
→ 3
3. Umbels 12–20-flowered, peduncles 5–40 mm.
var. argenteus
3. Umbels 6–13-flowered, peduncles 1–5 mm.
→ 4
4. Stems ascending to erect, densely leafy; umbels 10–13-flowered; San Clemente Island.
var. adsurgens
4. Stems ascending to bushy and spreading, not densely leafy; umbels 6–10-flowered; Anacapa and Santa Cruz islands.
var. niveus
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Acmispon Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Acmispon
Sibling taxa
A. americanus, A. argyraeus, A. brachycarpus, A. cytisoides, A. decumbens, A. dendroideus, A. denticulatus, A. glaber, A. grandiflorus, A. haydonii, A. intricatus, A. junceus, A. maritimus, A. mearnsii, A. micranthus, A. neomexicanus, A. parviflorus, A. plebeius, A. procumbens, A. prostratus, A. rigidus, A. rubriflorus, A. strigosus, A. tomentosus, A. utahensis, A. wrangelianus, A. wrightii
A. americanus, A. argophyllus, A. argyraeus, A. brachycarpus, A. cytisoides, A. decumbens, A. dendroideus, A. denticulatus, A. glaber, A. grandiflorus, A. haydonii, A. intricatus, A. junceus, A. maritimus, A. mearnsii, A. neomexicanus, A. parviflorus, A. plebeius, A. procumbens, A. prostratus, A. rigidus, A. rubriflorus, A. strigosus, A. tomentosus, A. utahensis, A. wrangelianus, A. wrightii
Subordinate taxa
A. argophyllus var. adsurgens, A. argophyllus var. argenteus, A. argophyllus var. argophyllus, A. argophyllus var. fremontii, A. argophyllus var. niveus
Synonyms Hosackia argophylla, Lotus argophyllus, Syrmatium argophyllum Hosackia micrantha, Lotus hamatus, Syrmatium micranthum
Name authority (A. Gray) Brouillet: J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2: 388. (2008) (Torrey & A. Gray) Brouillet: J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2: 391. (2008)
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