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California deervetch or trefoil, silver bird's-foot trefoil, silver lotus

canyon bird's-foot trefoil

Habit Herbs, perennial, or subshrubs, cespitose and ± prostrate, or shrubby and spreading to ascending, low or robust, silvery or gray, 1–6(–10+) dm, not fleshy, tomentose to canescent or strigose; from woody caudices. Herbs, perennial, mat-forming, silvery or gray, 1–3 dm, not fleshy, sericeous to canescent; from woody caudices.
Stems

1–20+, prostrate or decumbent to ascending, branched, herbaceous, slender, or ± woody, leafy, sometimes congested at tips.

1–20+, procumbent or decumbent to diffusely ascending, branched, herbaceous, slender, leafy.

Leaves

irregularly pinnate to subpalmate;

stipules glandlike; short-petiolate;

rachis 2–10 mm, ± flattened;

leaflets (3 or)4 or 5(–7), blades obovate to elliptic-lanceolate or ovate, apex acute, surfaces densely sericeous.

palmate or irregularly subpinnate;

stipules glandlike;

subsessile to short-petiolate;

rachis 1–4 mm, ± flattened;

leaflets 3–5, blades obovate to oblanceolate, apex usually obtuse, sometimes acute, surfaces sericeous to canescent.

Inflorescences

3–20-flowered, capitate.

1–3(–5)-flowered.

Peduncles

ascending, 0–6(–40) mm, shorter to longer than leaves;

bract absent or unifoliolate, subtending umbel.

ascending or spreading, (2–)10–20 mm, shorter to longer than leaves;

bract absent (reduced to stipules) or unifoliolate, distal.

Flowers

6–12 mm;

calyx 5–7 mm, tube densely villous, lobes subulate, shorter than or equal to tube;

corolla yellow to orange, turning red or brown, claws shorter than calyx tube, banner implicate-ascending, wings ± equaling keel;

style curved, glabrous.

5–12 mm;

calyx 4–7 mm, tube villous, lobes subulate;

corolla yellow, turning orange-red, claws ± equaling calyx tube, banner ascending to 45°, wings unequal, longer than keel;

style slightly curved or straight, glabrous or finely puberulent.

Legumes

persistent, included to moderately (–strongly) exserted, ascending to divergent, reddish brown, arched, turgid, not constricted, not septate, lanceoloid, 6–10 × 1–2 mm, leathery, apex short-beaked, tapering, curved or geniculate, indehiscent, smooth, margins keeled smooth, glabrate to silky.

persistent, exserted, divergent, brown, straight or curved at tip, turgid, slightly constricted, imperfectly septate, linear-oblong to oblong, (10–)18–25 × 1.5–2 mm, leathery, apex short-beaked, dehiscent, smooth, margins smooth, strigillose to glabrate.

Seeds

1 (or 2), tawny, mottled, curved-oblong, elongate, smooth.

2–5+, olive brown, mottled, roundish-oblong to angled, smooth, 2-veined.

Acmispon argophyllus

Acmispon argyraeus

Distribution
nw Mexico; California
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
nw Mexico; California
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 6 (5 in the flora).

D. Isely (1981) reported a potential hybrid between Acmispon argophyllus (variety not specified) and A. glaber (variety not specified). Variety ornithopus (Greene) Brouillet is endemic to Guadalupe Island (Baja California, Mexico). In a phylogeographic study of A. agrophylus, L. E. Wallace et al. (2017) showed that the insular endemic varieties are distinct, although var. argenteus is paraphyletic to var. adsurgens, with var. niveus of Santa Cruz sister to all remaining varieties in the species, including the continental ones.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 3 (3 in the flora).

Acmispon argyraeus (variety not specified) is reported to hybridize with A. rigidus (A. M. Ottley 1944).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Herbs, perennial; stems prostrate or decumbent-ascending; mainland California.
→ 2
2. Umbels 3–7-flowered, not congested, peduncles 1–6+ mm; calyces 5–6 mm, lobes 1.5–2(–3.5) mm; banner claw shorter than blade; s Sierra Nevada, s California ranges.
var. argophyllus
2. Umbels 10–15-flowered, congested at branch tips, peduncles 0–2 mm; calyces 6–7 mm, lobes 2–3(–5) mm; banner claw scarcely shorter than blade; n Sierra Nevada.
var. fremontii
1. Subshrubs (mostly); stems ascending to erect, sometimes prostrate; Channel Islands.
→ 3
3. Umbels 12–20-flowered, peduncles 5–40 mm.
var. argenteus
3. Umbels 6–13-flowered, peduncles 1–5 mm.
→ 4
4. Stems ascending to erect, densely leafy; umbels 10–13-flowered; San Clemente Island.
var. adsurgens
4. Stems ascending to bushy and spreading, not densely leafy; umbels 6–10-flowered; Anacapa and Santa Cruz islands.
var. niveus
1. Banner panduriform; pistils arched more than 90°, ovary-style junction defined by a line; leaflet blades oblanceolate to obovate, usually folded; legumes curved at tip.
var. multicaulis
1. Banner not panduriform; pistils arched less than 90°, ovary-style junction with a jog (style base broader than apex of ovary) or confluent; leaflet blades obovate, not folded; legumes usually straight.
→ 2
2. Herbs usually prostrate; stems branched, silvery-canescent; ovary-style junction with a jog; flowers 5–10 mm.
var. argyraeus
2. Herbs low-spreading or low-ascending; stems diffusely branched, green or canescent; ovary-style junction confluent; flowers (8–)10–12 mm.
var. notitius
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Acmispon Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Acmispon
Sibling taxa
A. americanus, A. argyraeus, A. brachycarpus, A. cytisoides, A. decumbens, A. dendroideus, A. denticulatus, A. glaber, A. grandiflorus, A. haydonii, A. intricatus, A. junceus, A. maritimus, A. mearnsii, A. micranthus, A. neomexicanus, A. parviflorus, A. plebeius, A. procumbens, A. prostratus, A. rigidus, A. rubriflorus, A. strigosus, A. tomentosus, A. utahensis, A. wrangelianus, A. wrightii
A. americanus, A. argophyllus, A. brachycarpus, A. cytisoides, A. decumbens, A. dendroideus, A. denticulatus, A. glaber, A. grandiflorus, A. haydonii, A. intricatus, A. junceus, A. maritimus, A. mearnsii, A. micranthus, A. neomexicanus, A. parviflorus, A. plebeius, A. procumbens, A. prostratus, A. rigidus, A. rubriflorus, A. strigosus, A. tomentosus, A. utahensis, A. wrangelianus, A. wrightii
Subordinate taxa
A. argophyllus var. adsurgens, A. argophyllus var. argenteus, A. argophyllus var. argophyllus, A. argophyllus var. fremontii, A. argophyllus var. niveus
A. argyraeus var. argyraeus, A. argyraeus var. multicaulis, A. argyraeus var. notitius
Synonyms Hosackia argophylla, Lotus argophyllus, Syrmatium argophyllum Hosackia argyraea, Anisolotus argyraeus, Lotus argyraeus, Ottleya argyraea
Name authority (A. Gray) Brouillet: J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2: 388. (2008) (Greene) Brouillet: J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2: 389. (2008) — (as argyreus)
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