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Richardson needlegrass, Richardson's needlegrass, Richardson's rice grass, spreading needlegrass

Swallen's needlegrass

Habit Plants tightly cespitose, not rhizomatous. Plants tightly cespitose, not rhizomatous.
Culms

30-100 cm tall, 1-1.5 mm thick, glabrous;

nodes usually 3.

15-25 cm tall, 0.5-1 mm thick, glabrous;

nodes 2-3.

Panicles

7-25 cm long, 7-15 cm wide;

branches divergent, flexuous, longest branches 7-10 cm, with the spikelets confined to the distal 1/4.

3-6.5 cm long, 0.3-0.7 cm wide;

branches appressed, lower branches 1-5 cm, with 1-5 spikelets.

Spikelets

pendulous.

Glumes

subequal, 4-5.5 mm, not saccate, apices narrowly acute to acuminate, midveins often prolonged into an awnlike tip;

lower glumes 0.6-1 mm wide, apices narrowly acute;

florets 2.5-3.5 mm long, 0.6-0.8 mm thick, fusiform, terete;

calluses 0.1-0.2 mm, blunt;

lemmas evenly hairy, hairs 0.3-0.5 mm, all similar in length, apical lobes 0.3-0.5 mm, thickly membranous;

awns 5-6 mm, once-geniculate, readily deciduous, basal segment scabridulous;

paleas 2.2-2.5 mm, slightly shorter than the lemmas;

anthers 1.5-2 mm, dehiscent, not penicillate.

Lower glumes

7.5-11 mm long, 0.9-1.2 mm wide;

upper glumes 2-3 mm shorter;

florets 5-6 mm long, 0.6-0.9 mm thick, fusiform, terete;

calluses 0.4-0.7 mm, blunt;

lemmas evenly hairy on the lower portion, often glabrate distally, body and apical hairs 0.2-0.5 mm, apical lobes not or scarcely developed, to 0.1 mm;

awns 15-25 mm, persistent, twice-geniculate, first 2 segments strigulose, hairs about 0.1 mm, terminal segment straight;

paleas 2.2-3.6 mm, 1/2 - 3/5 as long as the lemmas, pubescent, hairs not exceeding the apices, apices rounded;

anthers 2.5-3 mm, dehiscent, penicillate, hairs 0.1-0.5 mm.

Caryopses

3-4 mm, fusiform.

2-3 mm, ovoid.

Basal

sheaths glabrous, margins ciliolate;

collars glabrous, without tufts of hair on the sides;

ligules 0.1-0.5 mm, truncate, ciliolate;

blades 0.8-3 mm wide, convolute when dry, abaxial surfaces scabridulous, adaxial surfaces glabrous.

sheaths mostly glabrous, pubescent at the base, throats glabrous;

collars, including the sides, glabrous;

basal ligules 0.2-0.3 mm, obtuse to rounded, glabrous;

upper ligules to 0.5 mm, rounded to broadly acute;

blades 0.4-0.7 mm wide, arcuate, abaxial surfaces smooth or scabridulous, adaxial surfaces with hairs shorter than 0.5 mm.

2n

= 44.

= 34.

Achnatherum richardsonii

Achnatherum swallenii

Distribution
from FNA
AK; CO; ID; MT; SD; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; SK; YT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
ID; WY
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Achnatherum richardsonii grows in open woodlands and grasslands,often on sand or gravel, from the Yukon Territory to Washington and Manitoba, and south in the Rocky Mountains through Montana and Wyoming to western South Dakota and northern Colorado. Its elevation range is 1000-3100 m. It is readily recognized by its combination of flexuous panicle branches, drooping spikelets, and straight distal awn segments. Scagel and Maze (1984) concluded that putative hybrids between A. richardsonii and A. nelsonii subsp. dorei were merely large plants of subsp. dorei that varied in the direction of A. richardsonii.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Achnatherum swallenii grows on open, rocky sites, frequently with low sagebrush, in Idaho and western Wyoming, at 1500-2200 m. It is a dominant species in parts of eastern Idaho, although it is poorly represented in collections.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 24, p. 133. FNA vol. 24, p. 137.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Achnatherum Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Achnatherum
Sibling taxa
A. aridum, A. arnowiae, A. contractum, A. coronatum, A. curvifolium, A. diegoense, A. eminens, A. hendersonii, A. hymenoides, A. latiglume, A. lemmonii, A. lettermanii, A. lobatum, A. nelsonii, A. nevadense, A. occidentale, A. parishii, A. perplexum, A. pinetorum, A. robustum, A. scribneri, A. splendens, A. stillmanii, A. swallenii, A. thurberianum, A. wallowaense, A. webberi, A. ×bloomeri
A. aridum, A. arnowiae, A. contractum, A. coronatum, A. curvifolium, A. diegoense, A. eminens, A. hendersonii, A. hymenoides, A. latiglume, A. lemmonii, A. lettermanii, A. lobatum, A. nelsonii, A. nevadense, A. occidentale, A. parishii, A. perplexum, A. pinetorum, A. richardsonii, A. robustum, A. scribneri, A. splendens, A. stillmanii, A. thurberianum, A. wallowaense, A. webberi, A. ×bloomeri
Synonyms Stipa richardsonii Oryzopsis swallenii
Name authority (Link) Barkworth (C.L. Hitchc. & Spellenb.) Barkworth
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