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Richardson needlegrass, Richardson's needlegrass, Richardson's rice grass, spreading needlegrass

Stillman's needlegrass, Stuxman's needlegrass

Habit Plants tightly cespitose, not rhizomatous. Plants shortly rhizomatous, forming open clumps.
Culms

30-100 cm tall, 1-1.5 mm thick, glabrous;

nodes usually 3.

60-150 cm tall, 2-5 mm thick, often geniculate at the lowest node, mostly glabrous;

nodes 2-3, often puberulent.

Panicles

7-25 cm long, 7-15 cm wide;

branches divergent, flexuous, longest branches 7-10 cm, with the spikelets confined to the distal 1/4.

10-24 cm long, 1.5-3 cm wide, contracted;

branches straight, appressed to strongly ascending, lower branches 2.5-3.5 cm.

Spikelets

pendulous.

appressed to the branches.

Glumes

subequal, 14-16 mm;

lower glumes 1-3-veined;

upper glumes 0.6-1.5 mm wide, 3-5-veined;

florets 8-10 mm, fusiform;

calluses 0.5-1.2 mm, rounded;

lemmas evenly hairy, hairs about 0.5 mm, apical hairs similar in length, apices 2-lobed, lobes 1-3 mm, narrow;

awns 18-25 mm, persistent, scabrous, once- or twice-geniculate, terminal segment straight;

paleas as long as or slightly longer than the lemmas, hairy, hairs about 0.5 mm, veins prolonged, reaching almost to the tips of the lemma lobes;

anthers 4-6 mm, penicillate, dehiscent.

Lower glumes

7.5-11 mm long, 0.9-1.2 mm wide;

upper glumes 2-3 mm shorter;

florets 5-6 mm long, 0.6-0.9 mm thick, fusiform, terete;

calluses 0.4-0.7 mm, blunt;

lemmas evenly hairy on the lower portion, often glabrate distally, body and apical hairs 0.2-0.5 mm, apical lobes not or scarcely developed, to 0.1 mm;

awns 15-25 mm, persistent, twice-geniculate, first 2 segments strigulose, hairs about 0.1 mm, terminal segment straight;

paleas 2.2-3.6 mm, 1/2 - 3/5 as long as the lemmas, pubescent, hairs not exceeding the apices, apices rounded;

anthers 2.5-3 mm, dehiscent, penicillate, hairs 0.1-0.5 mm.

Caryopses

3-4 mm, fusiform.

fusiform.

Basal

sheaths glabrous, margins ciliolate;

collars glabrous, without tufts of hair on the sides;

ligules 0.1-0.5 mm, truncate, ciliolate;

blades 0.8-3 mm wide, convolute when dry, abaxial surfaces scabridulous, adaxial surfaces glabrous.

sheaths mostly glabrous, sometimes ciliate distally, intact at maturity;

collars glabrous or pubescent, often with hairs at the sides, hairs shorter than 0.5 mm;

basal ligules 0.2-0.5 mm, membranous, truncate, ciliate, cilia 0.2-0.3 mm;

upper ligules shorter than the basal ligules;

blades 3-7 mm wide, lax.

2n

= 44.

= unknown.

Achnatherum richardsonii

Achnatherum stillmanii

Distribution
from FNA
AK; CO; ID; MT; SD; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; SK; YT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Achnatherum richardsonii grows in open woodlands and grasslands,often on sand or gravel, from the Yukon Territory to Washington and Manitoba, and south in the Rocky Mountains through Montana and Wyoming to western South Dakota and northern Colorado. Its elevation range is 1000-3100 m. It is readily recognized by its combination of flexuous panicle branches, drooping spikelets, and straight distal awn segments. Scagel and Maze (1984) concluded that putative hybrids between A. richardsonii and A. nelsonii subsp. dorei were merely large plants of subsp. dorei that varied in the direction of A. richardsonii.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Achnatherum stillmanii grows at scattered locations in coniferous forests in northern California, at 900-1500 m, possibly being edaphically restricted. Its combination of large size, long, narrow lemma lobes, and paleal morphology distinguish A. stillmanii from all other North American species of Achnatherum.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 24, p. 133. FNA vol. 24, p. 118.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Achnatherum Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Achnatherum
Sibling taxa
A. aridum, A. arnowiae, A. contractum, A. coronatum, A. curvifolium, A. diegoense, A. eminens, A. hendersonii, A. hymenoides, A. latiglume, A. lemmonii, A. lettermanii, A. lobatum, A. nelsonii, A. nevadense, A. occidentale, A. parishii, A. perplexum, A. pinetorum, A. robustum, A. scribneri, A. splendens, A. stillmanii, A. swallenii, A. thurberianum, A. wallowaense, A. webberi, A. ×bloomeri
A. aridum, A. arnowiae, A. contractum, A. coronatum, A. curvifolium, A. diegoense, A. eminens, A. hendersonii, A. hymenoides, A. latiglume, A. lemmonii, A. lettermanii, A. lobatum, A. nelsonii, A. nevadense, A. occidentale, A. parishii, A. perplexum, A. pinetorum, A. richardsonii, A. robustum, A. scribneri, A. splendens, A. swallenii, A. thurberianum, A. wallowaense, A. webberi, A. ×bloomeri
Synonyms Stipa richardsonii Stipa stillmanii
Name authority (Link) Barkworth (Bol.) Barkworth
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