Achnatherum richardsonii |
Achnatherum pinetorum |
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Richardson needlegrass, Richardson's needlegrass, Richardson's rice grass, spreading needlegrass |
pine needlegrass, pine-forest needle grass, pinewoods needlegrass |
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Habit | Plants tightly cespitose, not rhizomatous. | Plants tightly cespitose, not rhizomatous. |
Culms | 30-100 cm tall, 1-1.5 mm thick, glabrous; nodes usually 3. |
14-50(80) cm tall, 0.4-0.9 mm thick, mostly glabrous, lower internodes often puberulent or pubescent, particularly below the nodes; nodes 2-3. |
Panicles | 7-25 cm long, 7-15 cm wide; branches divergent, flexuous, longest branches 7-10 cm, with the spikelets confined to the distal 1/4. |
4.5-20 cm long, 0.5-1 cm wide, contracted; branches appressed, lower branches 1-5 cm, with 2-7 spikelets. |
Spikelets | pendulous. |
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Glumes | subequal, 7-11 mm long, 0.6-0.9 mm wide, lanceolate, not saccate; florets 3.5-5.5 mm long, 0.6-0.8 mm thick, fusiform, terete; calluses 0.4-0.6 mm, sharp; lemmas densely and evenly pilose, hairs at midlength 1.5-3.5 mm, apical hairs to 5 mm, apical lobes 0.3-2 mm, thin; awns 13-25 mm, persistent, twice-geniculate, first 2 segments scabrous; paleas 2.5-4 mm, from 2/3 as long as to equaling the lemmas, hairy; anthers 1.8-2.6 mm, dehiscent, not penicillate. |
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Lower glumes | 7.5-11 mm long, 0.9-1.2 mm wide; upper glumes 2-3 mm shorter; florets 5-6 mm long, 0.6-0.9 mm thick, fusiform, terete; calluses 0.4-0.7 mm, blunt; lemmas evenly hairy on the lower portion, often glabrate distally, body and apical hairs 0.2-0.5 mm, apical lobes not or scarcely developed, to 0.1 mm; awns 15-25 mm, persistent, twice-geniculate, first 2 segments strigulose, hairs about 0.1 mm, terminal segment straight; paleas 2.2-3.6 mm, 1/2 - 3/5 as long as the lemmas, pubescent, hairs not exceeding the apices, apices rounded; anthers 2.5-3 mm, dehiscent, penicillate, hairs 0.1-0.5 mm. |
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Caryopses | 3-4 mm, fusiform. |
2.5-4 mm, fusiform. |
Basal | sheaths glabrous, margins ciliolate; collars glabrous, without tufts of hair on the sides; ligules 0.1-0.5 mm, truncate, ciliolate; blades 0.8-3 mm wide, convolute when dry, abaxial surfaces scabridulous, adaxial surfaces glabrous. |
sheaths not becoming flat and ribbonlike with age, usually glabrous, throat sometimes with a few hairs, hairs about 0.2 mm; collars glabrous, including the sides; basal ligules 0.2-0.8 mm, truncate to rounded, membranous, glabrous; upper ligules to 2 mm, rounded; blades usually involute and 0.2-0.4 mm in diameter, 0.5-1 mm wide if flat, often arcuate distally, abaxial surfaces scabridulous, adaxial surfaces hairy, hairs about 0.1 mm. |
2n | = 44. |
= 32. |
Achnatherum richardsonii |
Achnatherum pinetorum |
|
Distribution |
AK; CO; ID; MT; SD; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; SK; YT
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AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WY
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Discussion | Achnatherum richardsonii grows in open woodlands and grasslands,often on sand or gravel, from the Yukon Territory to Washington and Manitoba, and south in the Rocky Mountains through Montana and Wyoming to western South Dakota and northern Colorado. Its elevation range is 1000-3100 m. It is readily recognized by its combination of flexuous panicle branches, drooping spikelets, and straight distal awn segments. Scagel and Maze (1984) concluded that putative hybrids between A. richardsonii and A. nelsonii subsp. dorei were merely large plants of subsp. dorei that varied in the direction of A. richardsonii. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Achnatherum pinetorum usually grows on rocky soil, in pinyon-juniper to subalpine associations, at 2100-3300 m. Its range extends from Oregon, Idaho, and Montana south to California, Nevada, and Colorado. It differs from A. webberi in its longer, persistent awns, and from A. lettermanii in its sharp calluses and longer lemma hairs. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 133. | FNA vol. 24, p. 137. |
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Achnatherum | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Achnatherum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Stipa richardsonii | Stipa pinetorum |
Name authority | (Link) Barkworth | (M.E. Jones) Barkworth |
Web links |
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