Achnatherum richardsonii |
Achnatherum nevadense |
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Richardson needlegrass, Richardson's needlegrass, Richardson's rice grass, spreading needlegrass |
Nevada needlegrass |
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Habit | Plants tightly cespitose, not rhizomatous. | Plants cespitose, not rhizomatous. |
Culms | 30-100 cm tall, 1-1.5 mm thick, glabrous; nodes usually 3. |
20-85 cm tall, 0.8-1.2 mm thick, usually retrorsely pubescent below the lower nodes, sometimes glabrous, sometimes pubescent over the whole of the internodes; nodes 3-4. |
Panicles | 7-25 cm long, 7-15 cm wide; branches divergent, flexuous, longest branches 7-10 cm, with the spikelets confined to the distal 1/4. |
6-25 cm long, 0.4-1.5 cm wide; branches appressed, lower branches 2-7.5 cm. |
Spikelets | pendulous. |
appressed to the branches. |
Glumes | subequal, 7-14 mm; lower glumes 0.6-0.9 mm wide; florets 5-6.5 mm long, 0.6-1 mm thick, fusiform, terete; calluses 0.5-0.7 mm, sharp, dorsal boundary of the glabrous tip with the callus hairs rounded to acute; lemmas evenly hairy, hairs 0.5-1 mm at midlength, apical hairs 0.8-2 mm, longer than those at midlength and those at the base of the awn, apical lobes membranous, about 0.2 mm; awns 20-35 mm, persistent, twice-geniculate, first 2 segments pilose, with hairs 0.5-1.5 mm and of mixed lengths, terminal segment scabridulous to smooth; paleas 2.8-4.2 mm, 1/2 - 3/4 as long as the lemmas, pubescent, distal hairs usually about 1 mm, extending well beyond the apices, apices rounded; anthers about 2.5 mm, dehiscent, not penicillate. |
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Lower glumes | 7.5-11 mm long, 0.9-1.2 mm wide; upper glumes 2-3 mm shorter; florets 5-6 mm long, 0.6-0.9 mm thick, fusiform, terete; calluses 0.4-0.7 mm, blunt; lemmas evenly hairy on the lower portion, often glabrate distally, body and apical hairs 0.2-0.5 mm, apical lobes not or scarcely developed, to 0.1 mm; awns 15-25 mm, persistent, twice-geniculate, first 2 segments strigulose, hairs about 0.1 mm, terminal segment straight; paleas 2.2-3.6 mm, 1/2 - 3/5 as long as the lemmas, pubescent, hairs not exceeding the apices, apices rounded; anthers 2.5-3 mm, dehiscent, penicillate, hairs 0.1-0.5 mm. |
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Caryopses | 3-4 mm, fusiform. |
3-5.5 mm, fusiform. |
Basal | sheaths glabrous, margins ciliolate; collars glabrous, without tufts of hair on the sides; ligules 0.1-0.5 mm, truncate, ciliolate; blades 0.8-3 mm wide, convolute when dry, abaxial surfaces scabridulous, adaxial surfaces glabrous. |
sheaths glabrous or pubescent, sometimes scabridulous, usually glabrous at the throat, becoming brown to gray-brown; collars, including the sides, glabrous; basal ligules 0.2-0.7 mm, truncate; upper ligules 0.3-1 mm, often wider than the blades; blades usually 10-25 cm long, 1-3 mm wide, usually involute, abaxial surfaces glabrous, adaxial surfaces more or less puberulent. |
2n | = 44. |
= 68. |
Achnatherum richardsonii |
Achnatherum nevadense |
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Distribution |
AK; CO; ID; MT; SD; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; SK; YT
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CA; CO; ID; NV; OR; UT; WY |
Discussion | Achnatherum richardsonii grows in open woodlands and grasslands,often on sand or gravel, from the Yukon Territory to Washington and Manitoba, and south in the Rocky Mountains through Montana and Wyoming to western South Dakota and northern Colorado. Its elevation range is 1000-3100 m. It is readily recognized by its combination of flexuous panicle branches, drooping spikelets, and straight distal awn segments. Scagel and Maze (1984) concluded that putative hybrids between A. richardsonii and A. nelsonii subsp. dorei were merely large plants of subsp. dorei that varied in the direction of A. richardsonii. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Achnatherum nevadense grows in sagebrush and open woodlands, from Washington to south-central Wyoming and south to California and Utah. Johnson (1962) argued that it is an alloploid derivative of A. occidentale and A. lettermanii. The apical lemma hairs of Achnatherum nevadense appear longer than the lowermost awn hairs. This difference is not reflected in the lengths shown because a few of the basal awn hairs may be as long as those at the top of the lemma, but the majority are shorter. This is the best character for distinguishing A. nevadense and A. occidentale subsp. californicum from A. occidentale subsp. pubescens. In addition, in A. nevadense and A. occidentale subsp. californicum, the hairs on the first awn segments tend to look untidy because of their varied lengths and the different angles they make with the awn; those of A. occidentale subsp. occidentale and subsp. pubescens have basal awn segments with tidier looking hairs. Differentiating between Achnatherum nevadense and A. occidentale subsp. californicutn can be difficult, but they differ in the shape of the boundary between the glabrous and strigose portions of the callus. In addition, A. nevadense is usually pubescent below the lower cauline nodes, and has paleas that are longer in relation to the lemmas. Plants of A. nevadense from Convict Creek Basin, California, are unusual in having culms that are glabrous below the lower nodes, but in other respects they correspond to A. nevadense. Achnatherum nevadense also resembles A. latiglume, but the latter species has blunter calluses and paleas that tend to be thicker and somewhat longer in comparison to the lemmas than those of A. nevadense. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 133. | FNA vol. 24, p. 120. |
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Achnatherum | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Achnatherum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Stipa richardsonii | Stipa nevadetisis |
Name authority | (Link) Barkworth | (B.L. Johnson) Barkworth |
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