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Richardson needlegrass, Richardson's needlegrass, Richardson's rice grass, spreading needlegrass

Lemmon's needle grass

Habit Plants tightly cespitose, not rhizomatous. Plants tightly cespitose, not rhizomatous.
Culms

30-100 cm tall, 1-1.5 mm thick, glabrous;

nodes usually 3.

15-90 cm tall, 0.7-1 mm thick, glabrous, pubescent, or tomentose;

nodes 3-4.

Panicles

7-25 cm long, 7-15 cm wide;

branches divergent, flexuous, longest branches 7-10 cm, with the spikelets confined to the distal 1/4.

7-21 cm long, about 1 cm wide;

branches straight, strongly ascending to appressed, longest branches 4-5 cm.

Spikelets

pendulous.

appressed to the branches.

Glumes

subequal, 7-11.5 mm;

lower glumes 0.9-1.1 mm wide, 4-5-veined;

upper glumes 3-veined;

florets 5.5-7 mm long, 0.8-1.3 mm thick, fusiform, somewhat laterally compressed;

calluses 0.4-1.2 mm, blunt;

lemmas coriaceous, evenly pubescent, hairs 0.4-1 mm, apices 1-lobed, lobe about 0.1 mm long, thick, stiff, apical lemma hairs 0.4-0.8 mm;

awns 16-30 mm, persistent, (once)twice-geniculate, all segments scabrous, terminal segment straight;

paleas 4.5-6.5 mm, from 3/4 as long as to equaling the lemmas, sparsely to moderately pubescent, hairs not exceeding the apices, veins terminating below the apices, apices flat or pinched;

anthers 2.3-3.5 mm, dehiscent, not penicillate.

Lower glumes

7.5-11 mm long, 0.9-1.2 mm wide;

upper glumes 2-3 mm shorter;

florets 5-6 mm long, 0.6-0.9 mm thick, fusiform, terete;

calluses 0.4-0.7 mm, blunt;

lemmas evenly hairy on the lower portion, often glabrate distally, body and apical hairs 0.2-0.5 mm, apical lobes not or scarcely developed, to 0.1 mm;

awns 15-25 mm, persistent, twice-geniculate, first 2 segments strigulose, hairs about 0.1 mm, terminal segment straight;

paleas 2.2-3.6 mm, 1/2 - 3/5 as long as the lemmas, pubescent, hairs not exceeding the apices, apices rounded;

anthers 2.5-3 mm, dehiscent, penicillate, hairs 0.1-0.5 mm.

Caryopses

3-4 mm, fusiform.

4-5 mm, fusiform.

Basal

sheaths glabrous, margins ciliolate;

collars glabrous, without tufts of hair on the sides;

ligules 0.1-0.5 mm, truncate, ciliolate;

blades 0.8-3 mm wide, convolute when dry, abaxial surfaces scabridulous, adaxial surfaces glabrous.

sheaths glabrous, pubescent, or tomentose;

collars, including the sides, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, hairs shorter than 0.5 mm;

basal ligules 0.5-1.2 mm, hyaline, glabrous, truncate to acute;

upper ligules to 2.5 mm;

basal blades 0.5-1.5 mm wide, folded to convolute, abaxial surfaces smooth, glabrous, adaxial surfaces prominently ribbed, often with 0.3-0.5 mm hairs, sometimes glabrous;

upper blades to 2.5 mm wide, otherwise similar to the basal blades.

2n

= 44.

= 34.

Achnatherum richardsonii

Achnatherum lemmonii

Distribution
from FNA
AK; CO; ID; MT; SD; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; SK; YT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Achnatherum richardsonii grows in open woodlands and grasslands,often on sand or gravel, from the Yukon Territory to Washington and Manitoba, and south in the Rocky Mountains through Montana and Wyoming to western South Dakota and northern Colorado. Its elevation range is 1000-3100 m. It is readily recognized by its combination of flexuous panicle branches, drooping spikelets, and straight distal awn segments. Scagel and Maze (1984) concluded that putative hybrids between A. richardsonii and A. nelsonii subsp. dorei were merely large plants of subsp. dorei that varied in the direction of A. richardsonii.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Achnatherum lemmonii grows in sagebrush and yellow pine associations, from southern British Columbia to California and east to Utah. It has been confused in the past with A. nelsonii; it differs in having narrower leaves, laterally compressed florets with a thick apical lobe, and longer paleas.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Lower sheaths and culms glabrous or pubescent, not tomentose, the hairs to 0.2 mm long
subsp. lemmonii
1. Lower sheaths and culms tomentose, the hairs 0.4-0.6 mm long
subsp. pubescens
Source FNA vol. 24, p. 133. FNA vol. 24, p. 125.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Achnatherum Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Achnatherum
Sibling taxa
A. aridum, A. arnowiae, A. contractum, A. coronatum, A. curvifolium, A. diegoense, A. eminens, A. hendersonii, A. hymenoides, A. latiglume, A. lemmonii, A. lettermanii, A. lobatum, A. nelsonii, A. nevadense, A. occidentale, A. parishii, A. perplexum, A. pinetorum, A. robustum, A. scribneri, A. splendens, A. stillmanii, A. swallenii, A. thurberianum, A. wallowaense, A. webberi, A. ×bloomeri
A. aridum, A. arnowiae, A. contractum, A. coronatum, A. curvifolium, A. diegoense, A. eminens, A. hendersonii, A. hymenoides, A. latiglume, A. lettermanii, A. lobatum, A. nelsonii, A. nevadense, A. occidentale, A. parishii, A. perplexum, A. pinetorum, A. richardsonii, A. robustum, A. scribneri, A. splendens, A. stillmanii, A. swallenii, A. thurberianum, A. wallowaense, A. webberi, A. ×bloomeri
Subordinate taxa
A. lemmonii subsp. lemmonii, A. lemmonii subsp. pubescens
Synonyms Stipa richardsonii Stipa lemmonii
Name authority (Link) Barkworth (Vasey) Barkworth
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