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Richardson needlegrass, Richardson's needlegrass, Richardson's rice grass, spreading needlegrass

Arnow's ricegrass

Habit Plants tightly cespitose, not rhizomatous. Plants tightly cespitose, not rhizomatous.
Culms

30-100 cm tall, 1-1.5 mm thick, glabrous;

nodes usually 3.

15-75 cm tall.

Sheaths

smooth, mostly glabrous, margins ciliate;

collars glabrous, with or without tufts of hair at the sides, hairs 0.7-2 mm;

ligules 1-4 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy, acute, sometimes ciliate;

blades 1-2 mm wide, involute, 0.5-1 mm in diameter, abaxial surfaces scabridulous or smooth, adaxial surfaces densely hairy, hairs about 0.2 mm.

Panicles

7-25 cm long, 7-15 cm wide;

branches divergent, flexuous, longest branches 7-10 cm, with the spikelets confined to the distal 1/4.

5-20 cm long, 0.5-2.8 cm wide, loosely contracted;

branches strongly ascending, longest branches 0.5-2.5(5) cm.

Spikelets

pendulous.

evenly distributed along the branches;

pedicels loosely appressed to the branches, paired, unequal, shorter pedicels in each pair usually less than 1/2 as long as the longer pedicels.

Glumes

slightly unequal, saccate below, tapering from about midlength, veins and sometimes also the intercostal regions puberulent, hairs to 0.1 mm, apices acute to acuminate;

lower glumes 5.1-6.1 mm;

upper glumes 4.3-5.2 mm;

florets 2.8-4.2 mm, ovoid;

calluses 0.2-0.4 mm, acute;

lemmas indurate, dark gray-brown, smooth, densely pilose, hairs at midlength and at the apices similar, 2-3 mm, easily rubbed off, apices not lobed;

awns 3-4.4 mm, rapidly deciduous, not geniculate, scabrous;

paleas similar to the lemmas in length and texture, glabrous, apices pinched;

anthers about 1 mm, dehiscent, penicillate.

Lower glumes

7.5-11 mm long, 0.9-1.2 mm wide;

upper glumes 2-3 mm shorter;

florets 5-6 mm long, 0.6-0.9 mm thick, fusiform, terete;

calluses 0.4-0.7 mm, blunt;

lemmas evenly hairy on the lower portion, often glabrate distally, body and apical hairs 0.2-0.5 mm, apical lobes not or scarcely developed, to 0.1 mm;

awns 15-25 mm, persistent, twice-geniculate, first 2 segments strigulose, hairs about 0.1 mm, terminal segment straight;

paleas 2.2-3.6 mm, 1/2 - 3/5 as long as the lemmas, pubescent, hairs not exceeding the apices, apices rounded;

anthers 2.5-3 mm, dehiscent, penicillate, hairs 0.1-0.5 mm.

Caryopses

3-4 mm, fusiform.

1-1.7 mm long, 0.8-1 mm in diameter, globose to obovoid.

Basal

sheaths glabrous, margins ciliolate;

collars glabrous, without tufts of hair on the sides;

ligules 0.1-0.5 mm, truncate, ciliolate;

blades 0.8-3 mm wide, convolute when dry, abaxial surfaces scabridulous, adaxial surfaces glabrous.

2n

= 44.

= unknown.

Achnatherum richardsonii

Achnatherum arnowiae

Distribution
from FNA
AK; CO; ID; MT; SD; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; SK; YT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Achnatherum richardsonii grows in open woodlands and grasslands,often on sand or gravel, from the Yukon Territory to Washington and Manitoba, and south in the Rocky Mountains through Montana and Wyoming to western South Dakota and northern Colorado. Its elevation range is 1000-3100 m. It is readily recognized by its combination of flexuous panicle branches, drooping spikelets, and straight distal awn segments. Scagel and Maze (1984) concluded that putative hybrids between A. richardsonii and A. nelsonii subsp. dorei were merely large plants of subsp. dorei that varied in the direction of A. richardsonii.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Achnatherum arnowiae grows in pinyon-juniper, sagebrush, and mixed desert shrub communities in Utah, at 1400-2000 m. Welsh and Atwood (2003) state that specimens belonging to A. arnowiae are often filed as A. xbloomeri, and they suggest that this species may also be hybrid in origin, possibly with Hesperostipa comata as one of its parents. Another possibility is that it is a derivative of A. hymenoides that is adapted to particular soil types.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 24, p. 133. FNA vol. 24, p. 141.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Achnatherum Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Achnatherum
Sibling taxa
A. aridum, A. arnowiae, A. contractum, A. coronatum, A. curvifolium, A. diegoense, A. eminens, A. hendersonii, A. hymenoides, A. latiglume, A. lemmonii, A. lettermanii, A. lobatum, A. nelsonii, A. nevadense, A. occidentale, A. parishii, A. perplexum, A. pinetorum, A. robustum, A. scribneri, A. splendens, A. stillmanii, A. swallenii, A. thurberianum, A. wallowaense, A. webberi, A. ×bloomeri
A. aridum, A. contractum, A. coronatum, A. curvifolium, A. diegoense, A. eminens, A. hendersonii, A. hymenoides, A. latiglume, A. lemmonii, A. lettermanii, A. lobatum, A. nelsonii, A. nevadense, A. occidentale, A. parishii, A. perplexum, A. pinetorum, A. richardsonii, A. robustum, A. scribneri, A. splendens, A. stillmanii, A. swallenii, A. thurberianum, A. wallowaense, A. webberi, A. ×bloomeri
Synonyms Stipa richardsonii
Name authority (Link) Barkworth (S.L. Welsh & N.D Atwood) Barkworth
Web links