The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

Richardson needlegrass, Richardson's needlegrass, Richardson's rice grass, spreading needlegrass

arid needlegrass, Mormon needlegrass

Habit Plants tightly cespitose, not rhizomatous. Plants cespitose, not rhizomatous.
Culms

30-100 cm tall, 1-1.5 mm thick, glabrous;

nodes usually 3.

35-85 cm tall, 0.9-2.5 mm thick, usually glabrous and smooth, sometimes scabridulous or puberulent;

nodes 2-3.

Panicles

7-25 cm long, 7-15 cm wide;

branches divergent, flexuous, longest branches 7-10 cm, with the spikelets confined to the distal 1/4.

5-17 cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide, contracted, bases often enclosed at anthesis;

branches appressed or strongly ascending, straight, lower branches 1.5-4 cm.

Spikelets

pendulous.

Lower glumes

7.5-11 mm long, 0.9-1.2 mm wide;

upper glumes 2-3 mm shorter;

florets 5-6 mm long, 0.6-0.9 mm thick, fusiform, terete;

calluses 0.4-0.7 mm, blunt;

lemmas evenly hairy on the lower portion, often glabrate distally, body and apical hairs 0.2-0.5 mm, apical lobes not or scarcely developed, to 0.1 mm;

awns 15-25 mm, persistent, twice-geniculate, first 2 segments strigulose, hairs about 0.1 mm, terminal segment straight;

paleas 2.2-3.6 mm, 1/2 - 3/5 as long as the lemmas, pubescent, hairs not exceeding the apices, apices rounded;

anthers 2.5-3 mm, dehiscent, penicillate, hairs 0.1-0.5 mm.

8-15 mm long, 0.6-0.8 mm wide;

upper glumes 1-5 mm shorter;

florets 4-6.5 mm long, 0.6-1.1 mm thick, fusiform, terete;

calluses 0.2-1 mm, sharp;

lemmas evenly hairy on the lower portion, hairs 0.2-0.5 mm, the distal 1/5 – 1/4 often glabrous, apical hairs absent or fewer than 5, to 1.5 mm;

awns 40-80 mm, persistent, obscurely once-geniculate, scabridulous, terminal segment flexuous;

paleas 2-3.2 mm, 1/2 - 3/4 as long as the lemmas, pubescent, hairs exceeding the apices, apices rounded, flat;

anthers 2-3.5 mm, dehiscent, not penicillate.

Caryopses

3-4 mm, fusiform.

Basal

sheaths glabrous, margins ciliolate;

collars glabrous, without tufts of hair on the sides;

ligules 0.1-0.5 mm, truncate, ciliolate;

blades 0.8-3 mm wide, convolute when dry, abaxial surfaces scabridulous, adaxial surfaces glabrous.

sheaths glabrous, upper sheath margins hyaline distally;

collars of the basal sheaths occasionally with a small tuft of 0.8 mm hair on the sides, collars of the upper leaves glabrous, scabridulous, or sparsely puberulent;

ligules 0.2-1.5 mm, truncate to rounded, erose, sometimes ciliate, cilia about 0.05 mm;

blades 0.9-3 mm wide, abaxial surfaces smooth or scabridulous, glabrous, adaxial surfaces hirtellous, hairs to 0.5 mm.

2n

= 44.

= unknown.

Achnatherum richardsonii

Achnatherum aridum

Distribution
from FNA
AK; CO; ID; MT; SD; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; SK; YT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; NM; NV; TX; UT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Achnatherum richardsonii grows in open woodlands and grasslands,often on sand or gravel, from the Yukon Territory to Washington and Manitoba, and south in the Rocky Mountains through Montana and Wyoming to western South Dakota and northern Colorado. Its elevation range is 1000-3100 m. It is readily recognized by its combination of flexuous panicle branches, drooping spikelets, and straight distal awn segments. Scagel and Maze (1984) concluded that putative hybrids between A. richardsonii and A. nelsonii subsp. dorei were merely large plants of subsp. dorei that varied in the direction of A. richardsonii.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Achnatherum aridum grows on rocky outcrops, in shrub-steppe and pinyon-juniper associations, from southeastern California to Colorado and New Mexico, at 1200-2000 m. It has also been reported from Texas, but no specimens documenting these reports have been located. It has not been found in Mexico.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 24, p. 133. FNA vol. 24, p. 131.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Achnatherum Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Achnatherum
Sibling taxa
A. aridum, A. arnowiae, A. contractum, A. coronatum, A. curvifolium, A. diegoense, A. eminens, A. hendersonii, A. hymenoides, A. latiglume, A. lemmonii, A. lettermanii, A. lobatum, A. nelsonii, A. nevadense, A. occidentale, A. parishii, A. perplexum, A. pinetorum, A. robustum, A. scribneri, A. splendens, A. stillmanii, A. swallenii, A. thurberianum, A. wallowaense, A. webberi, A. ×bloomeri
A. arnowiae, A. contractum, A. coronatum, A. curvifolium, A. diegoense, A. eminens, A. hendersonii, A. hymenoides, A. latiglume, A. lemmonii, A. lettermanii, A. lobatum, A. nelsonii, A. nevadense, A. occidentale, A. parishii, A. perplexum, A. pinetorum, A. richardsonii, A. robustum, A. scribneri, A. splendens, A. stillmanii, A. swallenii, A. thurberianum, A. wallowaense, A. webberi, A. ×bloomeri
Synonyms Stipa richardsonii Stipa arida
Name authority (Link) Barkworth (M.E. Jones) Barkworth
Web links