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common western needlegrass, stiff needlegrass, velvet-leaf, western needle grass

Richardson needlegrass, Richardson's needlegrass, Richardson's rice grass, spreading needlegrass

Habit Plants tightly cespitose, not rhizomatous. Plants tightly cespitose, not rhizomatous.
Culms

14-120(180) cm tall, 0.3-2 mm thick, internodes glabrous or puberulent to densely pubescent;

nodes 2-4, glabrous or pubescent.

30-100 cm tall, 1-1.5 mm thick, glabrous;

nodes usually 3.

Panicles

5-30 cm long, 0.5-1.5 cm wide;

branches appressed, straight, longest branches 1-7 cm.

7-25 cm long, 7-15 cm wide;

branches divergent, flexuous, longest branches 7-10 cm, with the spikelets confined to the distal 1/4.

Spikelets

appressed to the branches.

pendulous.

Glumes

subequal, 9-15 mm long, 0.6-0.9 mm wide;

florets 5.5-7.5 mm long, 0.5-0.9 mm thick, fusiform, terete;

calluses 0.8-1.2 mm, sharp, dorsal boundary of the glabrous tip with the callus hairs narrowly acute;

lemmas evenly hair, hairs 0.5-1.5 mm at midlength, apical hairs somewhat longer than those below, sometimes similar in length to those at the base of the awns, sometimes longer, apical lobes 0.3-0.5 mm, membranous;

awns 15-55 mm, twice-geniculate, first 2 segments evidently hairy, terminal segment glabrous or partly to wholly pilose, sometimes scabrous;

paleas 2.2-3.5 mm, 2/5 – 3/5 as long as the lemmas, hairs at the tip usually shorter than 1 mm, frequently extending beyond the apices, apices rounded;

anthers 2.5-3.5 mm, dehiscent, not penicillate.

Lower glumes

7.5-11 mm long, 0.9-1.2 mm wide;

upper glumes 2-3 mm shorter;

florets 5-6 mm long, 0.6-0.9 mm thick, fusiform, terete;

calluses 0.4-0.7 mm, blunt;

lemmas evenly hairy on the lower portion, often glabrate distally, body and apical hairs 0.2-0.5 mm, apical lobes not or scarcely developed, to 0.1 mm;

awns 15-25 mm, persistent, twice-geniculate, first 2 segments strigulose, hairs about 0.1 mm, terminal segment straight;

paleas 2.2-3.6 mm, 1/2 - 3/5 as long as the lemmas, pubescent, hairs not exceeding the apices, apices rounded;

anthers 2.5-3 mm, dehiscent, penicillate, hairs 0.1-0.5 mm.

Caryopses

4-6 mm, fusiform.

3-4 mm, fusiform.

Basal

sheaths glabrous or puberulent to densely pubescent, often ciliate at the throat;

collars often with tufts of hair at the sides;

ligules 0.2-1.5 mm, often ciliate;

blades 0.5-3 mm wide and flat, or convolute and 0.1-0.8 mm in diameter, lax to straight.

sheaths glabrous, margins ciliolate;

collars glabrous, without tufts of hair on the sides;

ligules 0.1-0.5 mm, truncate, ciliolate;

blades 0.8-3 mm wide, convolute when dry, abaxial surfaces scabridulous, adaxial surfaces glabrous.

2n

=36.

= 44.

Achnatherum occidentale

Achnatherum richardsonii

Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; CO; ID; MT; SD; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; SK; YT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Achnatherum occidentale, which extends from British Columbia to California, Utah, and Colorado, varies considerably in pubescence and size. The three subspecies recognized here occasionally occur together.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Achnatherum richardsonii grows in open woodlands and grasslands,often on sand or gravel, from the Yukon Territory to Washington and Manitoba, and south in the Rocky Mountains through Montana and Wyoming to western South Dakota and northern Colorado. Its elevation range is 1000-3100 m. It is readily recognized by its combination of flexuous panicle branches, drooping spikelets, and straight distal awn segments. Scagel and Maze (1984) concluded that putative hybrids between A. richardsonii and A. nelsonii subsp. dorei were merely large plants of subsp. dorei that varied in the direction of A. richardsonii.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Terminal awn segment usually pilose; culms 0.3-1 mm thick, glabrous even on the basal internodes; glumes often purplish
subsp. occidentale
1. Terminal awn segment usually scabrous or glabrous, occasionally pilose at the base; culms 0.5-2 mm thick; glumes usually green.
→ 2
2. First 2 awn segments scabrous or pilose with hairs of mixed lengths; apical lemma hairs longer than the basal awn hairs
subsp. californicum
2. First 2 awn segments pilose, the hairs gradually and evenly becoming shorter towards the first geniculation; apical lemma hairs similar in length to the basal awn hairs
subsp. pubescens
Source FNA vol. 24, p. 121. FNA vol. 24, p. 133.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Achnatherum Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Achnatherum
Sibling taxa
A. aridum, A. arnowiae, A. contractum, A. coronatum, A. curvifolium, A. diegoense, A. eminens, A. hendersonii, A. hymenoides, A. latiglume, A. lemmonii, A. lettermanii, A. lobatum, A. nelsonii, A. nevadense, A. parishii, A. perplexum, A. pinetorum, A. richardsonii, A. robustum, A. scribneri, A. splendens, A. stillmanii, A. swallenii, A. thurberianum, A. wallowaense, A. webberi, A. ×bloomeri
A. aridum, A. arnowiae, A. contractum, A. coronatum, A. curvifolium, A. diegoense, A. eminens, A. hendersonii, A. hymenoides, A. latiglume, A. lemmonii, A. lettermanii, A. lobatum, A. nelsonii, A. nevadense, A. occidentale, A. parishii, A. perplexum, A. pinetorum, A. robustum, A. scribneri, A. splendens, A. stillmanii, A. swallenii, A. thurberianum, A. wallowaense, A. webberi, A. ×bloomeri
Subordinate taxa
A. occidentale subsp. californicum, A. occidentale subsp. occidentale, A. occidentale subsp. pubescens
Synonyms Stipa occidentalis, Stipa occidentalis var. montana Stipa richardsonii
Name authority (Thurb.) Barkworth (Link) Barkworth
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