Achnatherum occidentale |
Achnatherum richardsonii |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
common western needlegrass, stiff needlegrass, velvet-leaf, western needle grass |
Richardson needlegrass, Richardson's needlegrass, Richardson's rice grass, spreading needlegrass |
|||||||||
Habit | Plants tightly cespitose, not rhizomatous. | Plants tightly cespitose, not rhizomatous. | ||||||||
Culms | 14-120(180) cm tall, 0.3-2 mm thick, internodes glabrous or puberulent to densely pubescent; nodes 2-4, glabrous or pubescent. |
30-100 cm tall, 1-1.5 mm thick, glabrous; nodes usually 3. |
||||||||
Panicles | 5-30 cm long, 0.5-1.5 cm wide; branches appressed, straight, longest branches 1-7 cm. |
7-25 cm long, 7-15 cm wide; branches divergent, flexuous, longest branches 7-10 cm, with the spikelets confined to the distal 1/4. |
||||||||
Spikelets | appressed to the branches. |
pendulous. |
||||||||
Glumes | subequal, 9-15 mm long, 0.6-0.9 mm wide; florets 5.5-7.5 mm long, 0.5-0.9 mm thick, fusiform, terete; calluses 0.8-1.2 mm, sharp, dorsal boundary of the glabrous tip with the callus hairs narrowly acute; lemmas evenly hair, hairs 0.5-1.5 mm at midlength, apical hairs somewhat longer than those below, sometimes similar in length to those at the base of the awns, sometimes longer, apical lobes 0.3-0.5 mm, membranous; awns 15-55 mm, twice-geniculate, first 2 segments evidently hairy, terminal segment glabrous or partly to wholly pilose, sometimes scabrous; paleas 2.2-3.5 mm, 2/5 – 3/5 as long as the lemmas, hairs at the tip usually shorter than 1 mm, frequently extending beyond the apices, apices rounded; anthers 2.5-3.5 mm, dehiscent, not penicillate. |
|||||||||
Lower glumes | 7.5-11 mm long, 0.9-1.2 mm wide; upper glumes 2-3 mm shorter; florets 5-6 mm long, 0.6-0.9 mm thick, fusiform, terete; calluses 0.4-0.7 mm, blunt; lemmas evenly hairy on the lower portion, often glabrate distally, body and apical hairs 0.2-0.5 mm, apical lobes not or scarcely developed, to 0.1 mm; awns 15-25 mm, persistent, twice-geniculate, first 2 segments strigulose, hairs about 0.1 mm, terminal segment straight; paleas 2.2-3.6 mm, 1/2 - 3/5 as long as the lemmas, pubescent, hairs not exceeding the apices, apices rounded; anthers 2.5-3 mm, dehiscent, penicillate, hairs 0.1-0.5 mm. |
|||||||||
Caryopses | 4-6 mm, fusiform. |
3-4 mm, fusiform. |
||||||||
Basal | sheaths glabrous or puberulent to densely pubescent, often ciliate at the throat; collars often with tufts of hair at the sides; ligules 0.2-1.5 mm, often ciliate; blades 0.5-3 mm wide and flat, or convolute and 0.1-0.8 mm in diameter, lax to straight. |
sheaths glabrous, margins ciliolate; collars glabrous, without tufts of hair on the sides; ligules 0.1-0.5 mm, truncate, ciliolate; blades 0.8-3 mm wide, convolute when dry, abaxial surfaces scabridulous, adaxial surfaces glabrous. |
||||||||
2n | =36. |
= 44. |
||||||||
Achnatherum occidentale |
Achnatherum richardsonii |
|||||||||
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC
|
AK; CO; ID; MT; SD; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; SK; YT
|
||||||||
Discussion | Achnatherum occidentale, which extends from British Columbia to California, Utah, and Colorado, varies considerably in pubescence and size. The three subspecies recognized here occasionally occur together. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Achnatherum richardsonii grows in open woodlands and grasslands,often on sand or gravel, from the Yukon Territory to Washington and Manitoba, and south in the Rocky Mountains through Montana and Wyoming to western South Dakota and northern Colorado. Its elevation range is 1000-3100 m. It is readily recognized by its combination of flexuous panicle branches, drooping spikelets, and straight distal awn segments. Scagel and Maze (1984) concluded that putative hybrids between A. richardsonii and A. nelsonii subsp. dorei were merely large plants of subsp. dorei that varied in the direction of A. richardsonii. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||||||
Key |
|
|||||||||
Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 121. | FNA vol. 24, p. 133. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Achnatherum | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Achnatherum | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | Stipa occidentalis, Stipa occidentalis var. montana | Stipa richardsonii | ||||||||
Name authority | (Thurb.) Barkworth | (Link) Barkworth | ||||||||
Web links |
|
|