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common western needlegrass, stiff needlegrass, velvet-leaf, western needle grass

Parish's needlegrass

Habit Plants tightly cespitose, not rhizomatous. Plants tightly cespitose, not rhizomatous.
Culms

14-120(180) cm tall, 0.3-2 mm thick, internodes glabrous or puberulent to densely pubescent;

nodes 2-4, glabrous or pubescent.

14-80 cm tall, 0.8-2 mm thick, internodes glabrous or pubescent below the nodes;

nodes 3-5, glabrous.

Panicles

5-30 cm long, 0.5-1.5 cm wide;

branches appressed, straight, longest branches 1-7 cm.

7-15 cm long, 1.5-4 cm wide;

branches strongly ascending at maturity, longest branches 1.5-4 cm.

Spikelets

appressed to the branches.

Glumes

subequal, 9-15 mm long, 0.6-0.9 mm wide;

florets 5.5-7.5 mm long, 0.5-0.9 mm thick, fusiform, terete;

calluses 0.8-1.2 mm, sharp, dorsal boundary of the glabrous tip with the callus hairs narrowly acute;

lemmas evenly hair, hairs 0.5-1.5 mm at midlength, apical hairs somewhat longer than those below, sometimes similar in length to those at the base of the awns, sometimes longer, apical lobes 0.3-0.5 mm, membranous;

awns 15-55 mm, twice-geniculate, first 2 segments evidently hairy, terminal segment glabrous or partly to wholly pilose, sometimes scabrous;

paleas 2.2-3.5 mm, 2/5 – 3/5 as long as the lemmas, hairs at the tip usually shorter than 1 mm, frequently extending beyond the apices, apices rounded;

anthers 2.5-3.5 mm, dehiscent, not penicillate.

unequal to subequal, narrowly lanceolate, 3-5-veined;

lower glumes 9-15 mm long, 0.9-1.2 mm wide;

upper glumes 8-15 mm;

florets 4.8-6.5 mm long, 0.8-1 mm thick, fusiform, terete;

calluses 0.2-0.8 mm, acute;

lemmas evenly and densely hairy, hairs 1.5-3.5 mm at midlength, apical hairs 2.5-5 mm;

awns 10-35 mm, persistent, once-geniculate, first segment scabrous or strigose, hairs to 0.3 mm, terminal segment straight;

paleas 2.5-4.5 mm, 1/2 - 4/5 times the length of the lemmas, hairy between the veins, hairs often as long as those on the lemmas but not as dense, apices usually rounded, occasionally somewhat pinched;

anthers 2.3-4.5 mm, dehiscent, not penicillate.

Caryopses

4-6 mm, fusiform.

3-6 mm, fusiform.

Basal

sheaths glabrous or puberulent to densely pubescent, often ciliate at the throat;

collars often with tufts of hair at the sides;

ligules 0.2-1.5 mm, often ciliate;

blades 0.5-3 mm wide and flat, or convolute and 0.1-0.8 mm in diameter, lax to straight.

sheaths mostly glabrous, sometimes pubescent at the base, flat and ribbonlike with age, margins sometimes hairy distally, hairs adjacent to the ligules 0.5-3 mm;

collars glabrous;

ligules truncate, abaxial surfaces pubescent, ciliate, cilia as long as or longer than the basal membrane, ligules of basal leaves 0.3-0.8 mm, of upper leaves 0.5-1.5 mm, asymmetric;

blades 4-30+ cm long, 1-4.2 mm wide, usually flat and more or less straight, sometimes tightly convolute and arcuate.

2n

=36.

= unknown.

Achnatherum occidentale

Achnatherum parishii

Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; NV; UT
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Achnatherum occidentale, which extends from British Columbia to California, Utah, and Colorado, varies considerably in pubescence and size. The three subspecies recognized here occasionally occur together.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Achnatherum parishii grows from the coastal ranges of California to Nevada and Utah, south to Baja California, Mexico, and to the Grand Canyon in Arizona. It differs from A. coronatum in its once-geniculate awns, more densely pubescent paleas, and generally smaller stature; from A. scribneri in its shorter, blunter calluses and more abundant lemma hairs; and from A. perplexum in having longer hairs on its lemmas.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Terminal awn segment usually pilose; culms 0.3-1 mm thick, glabrous even on the basal internodes; glumes often purplish
subsp. occidentale
1. Terminal awn segment usually scabrous or glabrous, occasionally pilose at the base; culms 0.5-2 mm thick; glumes usually green.
→ 2
2. First 2 awn segments scabrous or pilose with hairs of mixed lengths; apical lemma hairs longer than the basal awn hairs
subsp. californicum
2. First 2 awn segments pilose, the hairs gradually and evenly becoming shorter towards the first geniculation; apical lemma hairs similar in length to the basal awn hairs
subsp. pubescens
1. Basal sheath margins glabrous or hairy distaily, hairs to 0.5 mm long; culms 14-35 cm tall
subsp. depauperatum
1. Basal sheath margins hairy distaily, hairs 1-3.2 mm long; culms 20-80 cm tall
subsp. parishii
Source FNA vol. 24, p. 121. FNA vol. 24, p. 127.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Achnatherum Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Achnatherum
Sibling taxa
A. aridum, A. arnowiae, A. contractum, A. coronatum, A. curvifolium, A. diegoense, A. eminens, A. hendersonii, A. hymenoides, A. latiglume, A. lemmonii, A. lettermanii, A. lobatum, A. nelsonii, A. nevadense, A. parishii, A. perplexum, A. pinetorum, A. richardsonii, A. robustum, A. scribneri, A. splendens, A. stillmanii, A. swallenii, A. thurberianum, A. wallowaense, A. webberi, A. ×bloomeri
A. aridum, A. arnowiae, A. contractum, A. coronatum, A. curvifolium, A. diegoense, A. eminens, A. hendersonii, A. hymenoides, A. latiglume, A. lemmonii, A. lettermanii, A. lobatum, A. nelsonii, A. nevadense, A. occidentale, A. perplexum, A. pinetorum, A. richardsonii, A. robustum, A. scribneri, A. splendens, A. stillmanii, A. swallenii, A. thurberianum, A. wallowaense, A. webberi, A. ×bloomeri
Subordinate taxa
A. occidentale subsp. californicum, A. occidentale subsp. occidentale, A. occidentale subsp. pubescens
A. parishii subsp. depauperatum, A. parishii subsp. parishii
Synonyms Stipa occidentalis, Stipa occidentalis var. montana Stipa parishii
Name authority (Thurb.) Barkworth (Vasey) Barkworth
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