Achnatherum occidentale |
Achnatherum hendersonii |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
common western needlegrass, stiff needlegrass, velvet-leaf, western needle grass |
Henderson's needlegrass, Henderson's rice grass |
|||||||||
Habit | Plants tightly cespitose, not rhizomatous. | Plants tightly cespitose, not rhizomatous. | ||||||||
Culms | 14-120(180) cm tall, 0.3-2 mm thick, internodes glabrous or puberulent to densely pubescent; nodes 2-4, glabrous or pubescent. |
10-35 cm tall, 0.3-0.9 mm thick, pubescent below the nodes, glabrous or sparsely puberulent elsewhere; nodes 1-2. |
||||||||
Panicles | 5-30 cm long, 0.5-1.5 cm wide; branches appressed, straight, longest branches 1-7 cm. |
4-12 cm long, 2-5 cm wide, erect; branches and pedicels straight, appressed to strongly ascending, longest branches 2-7 cm. |
||||||||
Spikelets | appressed to the branches. |
|||||||||
Glumes | subequal, 9-15 mm long, 0.6-0.9 mm wide; florets 5.5-7.5 mm long, 0.5-0.9 mm thick, fusiform, terete; calluses 0.8-1.2 mm, sharp, dorsal boundary of the glabrous tip with the callus hairs narrowly acute; lemmas evenly hair, hairs 0.5-1.5 mm at midlength, apical hairs somewhat longer than those below, sometimes similar in length to those at the base of the awns, sometimes longer, apical lobes 0.3-0.5 mm, membranous; awns 15-55 mm, twice-geniculate, first 2 segments evidently hairy, terminal segment glabrous or partly to wholly pilose, sometimes scabrous; paleas 2.2-3.5 mm, 2/5 – 3/5 as long as the lemmas, hairs at the tip usually shorter than 1 mm, frequently extending beyond the apices, apices rounded; anthers 2.5-3.5 mm, dehiscent, not penicillate. |
subequal, 3.5-5.5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, 5-veined; lower glumes obtuse, apices rounded to acute; upper glumes rounded to obtuse, subequal or to 1 mm shorter than the lower glumes; florets 3.5-4.5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, fusiform, laterally compressed; calluses 0.3-0.5 mm, blunt; lemmas coriaceous, glabrous, shiny, apical lobes about 0.2 mm long, thick; awns 6-10 mm, readily deciduous, not geniculate, scabrous; paleas about 3 mm, from3/4 as long as to equaling the lemmas, indurate, glabrous, apices rounded, flat; anthers about 2.5 mm, dehiscent, penicillate. |
||||||||
Caryopses | 4-6 mm, fusiform. |
2.5-4 mm. |
||||||||
Basal | sheaths glabrous or puberulent to densely pubescent, often ciliate at the throat; collars often with tufts of hair at the sides; ligules 0.2-1.5 mm, often ciliate; blades 0.5-3 mm wide and flat, or convolute and 0.1-0.8 mm in diameter, lax to straight. |
sheaths completely or mostly glabrous, margins sometimes ciliate distally; collars glabrous; ligules 0.4-1 mm, hyaline, glabrous or pubescent, rounded; blades tightly folded or convolute, to 1 mm wide or thick, abaxial surfaces scabrous, adaxial surfaces pubescent. |
||||||||
2n | =36. |
= 34. |
||||||||
Achnatherum occidentale |
Achnatherum hendersonii |
|||||||||
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC
|
ID; OR; WA |
||||||||
Discussion | Achnatherum occidentale, which extends from British Columbia to California, Utah, and Colorado, varies considerably in pubescence and size. The three subspecies recognized here occasionally occur together. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Achnatherum hendersonii grows in dry, rocky, shallow soil, in sagebrush or ponderosa pine associations. It is known from only three counties: Yakima and Kittitas counties, Washington, and Crook County, Oregon. Maze (1981) noted that, at one site, A. hendersonii was restricted to areas subject to frost heaving, although under cultivation, it can grow without such disturbance. He hypothesized that its survival in such sites is attributable to a competitive advantage gained by the structure of its root system. Unlike Poa secunda, which grew in the surrounding, undisturbed areas, the outer cortex and epidermis of the roots of A. hendersonii form a sheath around the stele and inner cortex. When the roots are pulled, this sheath slips and breaks but the internal structures remain intact. In Poa secunda, the outer part of the root is attached to the central core and, when the roots are pulled, they break. Achnatherum hendersonii also differs from P. secunda in having relatively few (9-12), evenly distributed roots that extend to 30 cm. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||||||
Key |
|
|||||||||
Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 121. | FNA vol. 24, p. 139. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Achnatherum | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Achnatherum | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | Stipa occidentalis, Stipa occidentalis var. montana | Stipa hendersonii, Oryzopsis hendersonii | ||||||||
Name authority | (Thurb.) Barkworth | (Vasey) Barkworth | ||||||||
Web links |
|