Achnatherum occidentale |
Achnatherum coronatum |
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common western needlegrass, stiff needlegrass, velvet-leaf, western needle grass |
crested needlegrass, giant ricegrass |
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Habit | Plants tightly cespitose, not rhizomatous. | Plants loosely cespitose, shortly rhizomatous, bases knotty. | ||||||||
Culms | 14-120(180) cm tall, 0.3-2 mm thick, internodes glabrous or puberulent to densely pubescent; nodes 2-4, glabrous or pubescent. |
55-210 cm tall, 3-6 mm thick, internodes usually glabrous, lower internodes sometimes puberulent; nodes 1-2, glabrous. |
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Panicles | 5-30 cm long, 0.5-1.5 cm wide; branches appressed, straight, longest branches 1-7 cm. |
15-60 cm long, 2-4 cm wide; branches widely spreading to ascending, longest branches 4-13 cm. |
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Spikelets | appressed to the branches. |
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Glumes | subequal, 9-15 mm long, 0.6-0.9 mm wide; florets 5.5-7.5 mm long, 0.5-0.9 mm thick, fusiform, terete; calluses 0.8-1.2 mm, sharp, dorsal boundary of the glabrous tip with the callus hairs narrowly acute; lemmas evenly hair, hairs 0.5-1.5 mm at midlength, apical hairs somewhat longer than those below, sometimes similar in length to those at the base of the awns, sometimes longer, apical lobes 0.3-0.5 mm, membranous; awns 15-55 mm, twice-geniculate, first 2 segments evidently hairy, terminal segment glabrous or partly to wholly pilose, sometimes scabrous; paleas 2.2-3.5 mm, 2/5 – 3/5 as long as the lemmas, hairs at the tip usually shorter than 1 mm, frequently extending beyond the apices, apices rounded; anthers 2.5-3.5 mm, dehiscent, not penicillate. |
lanceolate, glabrous, tapering to awnlike apices; lower glumes 16-21 mm long, 1-1.3 mm wide, midveins scabrous; upper glumes 11-18 mm; florets 6.5-10 mm long, about 1 mm thick, fusiform, terete; calluses 0.5-2 mm, blunt to acute; lemmas densely hairy, hairs at midlength 1.5-4 mm, apical hairs 2-5 mm; awns 25-45 mm, persistent, twice-geniculate, all segments scabrous, terminal segment straight; paleas 3.5-5.5 mm, 3/5 – 9/10 as long as the lemmas, sparsely hairy between the veins, apices flat, rounded; anthers 3-4 mm, dehiscent, not penicillate. |
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Caryopses | 4-6 mm, fusiform. |
5-7 mm, fusiform. |
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Basal | sheaths glabrous or puberulent to densely pubescent, often ciliate at the throat; collars often with tufts of hair at the sides; ligules 0.2-1.5 mm, often ciliate; blades 0.5-3 mm wide and flat, or convolute and 0.1-0.8 mm in diameter, lax to straight. |
sheaths mostly glabrous, often puberulent on the lower portion, flat, ribbonlike with age, margins hairy distally, hairs 1-2.5 mm; collars mostly glabrous; ligules 0.4-1.6(3) mm, truncate to slightly rounded, abaxial surfaces pubescent, ciliate, cilia about 0.5 mm; blades usually flat, 2.5-7 mm wide, both surfaces scabrous. |
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2n | =36. |
= 40. |
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Achnatherum occidentale |
Achnatherum coronatum |
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Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC
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CA
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Discussion | Achnatherum occidentale, which extends from British Columbia to California, Utah, and Colorado, varies considerably in pubescence and size. The three subspecies recognized here occasionally occur together. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Achnatherum coronatum grows on gravel and on rocky slopes, mostly in chaparral associations of the Coast Range from Monterey County, California, to Baja California, Mexico. It is similar in size to A. diegoense, but differs in its mostly glabrous internodes and longer paleas. It differs from A. parishii, an inland species, in its twice-geniculate awns, more robust habit, and more sparsely pubescent paleas. Occasional plants combine the characteristics of both species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 121. | FNA vol. 24, p. 127. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Achnatherum | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Achnatherum | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | Stipa occidentalis, Stipa occidentalis var. montana | Stipa coronata | ||||||||
Name authority | (Thurb.) Barkworth | (Thurb.) Barkworth | ||||||||
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