Achnatherum occidentale |
Achnatherum aridum |
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common western needlegrass, stiff needlegrass, velvet-leaf, western needle grass |
arid needlegrass, Mormon needlegrass |
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Habit | Plants tightly cespitose, not rhizomatous. | Plants cespitose, not rhizomatous. | ||||||||
Culms | 14-120(180) cm tall, 0.3-2 mm thick, internodes glabrous or puberulent to densely pubescent; nodes 2-4, glabrous or pubescent. |
35-85 cm tall, 0.9-2.5 mm thick, usually glabrous and smooth, sometimes scabridulous or puberulent; nodes 2-3. |
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Panicles | 5-30 cm long, 0.5-1.5 cm wide; branches appressed, straight, longest branches 1-7 cm. |
5-17 cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide, contracted, bases often enclosed at anthesis; branches appressed or strongly ascending, straight, lower branches 1.5-4 cm. |
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Spikelets | appressed to the branches. |
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Glumes | subequal, 9-15 mm long, 0.6-0.9 mm wide; florets 5.5-7.5 mm long, 0.5-0.9 mm thick, fusiform, terete; calluses 0.8-1.2 mm, sharp, dorsal boundary of the glabrous tip with the callus hairs narrowly acute; lemmas evenly hair, hairs 0.5-1.5 mm at midlength, apical hairs somewhat longer than those below, sometimes similar in length to those at the base of the awns, sometimes longer, apical lobes 0.3-0.5 mm, membranous; awns 15-55 mm, twice-geniculate, first 2 segments evidently hairy, terminal segment glabrous or partly to wholly pilose, sometimes scabrous; paleas 2.2-3.5 mm, 2/5 – 3/5 as long as the lemmas, hairs at the tip usually shorter than 1 mm, frequently extending beyond the apices, apices rounded; anthers 2.5-3.5 mm, dehiscent, not penicillate. |
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Lower glumes | 8-15 mm long, 0.6-0.8 mm wide; upper glumes 1-5 mm shorter; florets 4-6.5 mm long, 0.6-1.1 mm thick, fusiform, terete; calluses 0.2-1 mm, sharp; lemmas evenly hairy on the lower portion, hairs 0.2-0.5 mm, the distal 1/5 – 1/4 often glabrous, apical hairs absent or fewer than 5, to 1.5 mm; awns 40-80 mm, persistent, obscurely once-geniculate, scabridulous, terminal segment flexuous; paleas 2-3.2 mm, 1/2 - 3/4 as long as the lemmas, pubescent, hairs exceeding the apices, apices rounded, flat; anthers 2-3.5 mm, dehiscent, not penicillate. |
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Caryopses | 4-6 mm, fusiform. |
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Basal | sheaths glabrous or puberulent to densely pubescent, often ciliate at the throat; collars often with tufts of hair at the sides; ligules 0.2-1.5 mm, often ciliate; blades 0.5-3 mm wide and flat, or convolute and 0.1-0.8 mm in diameter, lax to straight. |
sheaths glabrous, upper sheath margins hyaline distally; collars of the basal sheaths occasionally with a small tuft of 0.8 mm hair on the sides, collars of the upper leaves glabrous, scabridulous, or sparsely puberulent; ligules 0.2-1.5 mm, truncate to rounded, erose, sometimes ciliate, cilia about 0.05 mm; blades 0.9-3 mm wide, abaxial surfaces smooth or scabridulous, glabrous, adaxial surfaces hirtellous, hairs to 0.5 mm. |
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2n | =36. |
= unknown. |
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Achnatherum occidentale |
Achnatherum aridum |
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Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC
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AZ; CA; CO; NM; NV; TX; UT
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Discussion | Achnatherum occidentale, which extends from British Columbia to California, Utah, and Colorado, varies considerably in pubescence and size. The three subspecies recognized here occasionally occur together. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Achnatherum aridum grows on rocky outcrops, in shrub-steppe and pinyon-juniper associations, from southeastern California to Colorado and New Mexico, at 1200-2000 m. It has also been reported from Texas, but no specimens documenting these reports have been located. It has not been found in Mexico. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 121. | FNA vol. 24, p. 131. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Achnatherum | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Achnatherum | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | Stipa occidentalis, Stipa occidentalis var. montana | Stipa arida | ||||||||
Name authority | (Thurb.) Barkworth | (M.E. Jones) Barkworth | ||||||||
Web links |
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