Achnatherum lemmonii |
Achnatherum hendersonii |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lemmon's needle grass |
Henderson's needlegrass, Henderson's rice grass |
|||||
Habit | Plants tightly cespitose, not rhizomatous. | Plants tightly cespitose, not rhizomatous. | ||||
Culms | 15-90 cm tall, 0.7-1 mm thick, glabrous, pubescent, or tomentose; nodes 3-4. |
10-35 cm tall, 0.3-0.9 mm thick, pubescent below the nodes, glabrous or sparsely puberulent elsewhere; nodes 1-2. |
||||
Panicles | 7-21 cm long, about 1 cm wide; branches straight, strongly ascending to appressed, longest branches 4-5 cm. |
4-12 cm long, 2-5 cm wide, erect; branches and pedicels straight, appressed to strongly ascending, longest branches 2-7 cm. |
||||
Spikelets | appressed to the branches. |
|||||
Glumes | subequal, 7-11.5 mm; lower glumes 0.9-1.1 mm wide, 4-5-veined; upper glumes 3-veined; florets 5.5-7 mm long, 0.8-1.3 mm thick, fusiform, somewhat laterally compressed; calluses 0.4-1.2 mm, blunt; lemmas coriaceous, evenly pubescent, hairs 0.4-1 mm, apices 1-lobed, lobe about 0.1 mm long, thick, stiff, apical lemma hairs 0.4-0.8 mm; awns 16-30 mm, persistent, (once)twice-geniculate, all segments scabrous, terminal segment straight; paleas 4.5-6.5 mm, from 3/4 as long as to equaling the lemmas, sparsely to moderately pubescent, hairs not exceeding the apices, veins terminating below the apices, apices flat or pinched; anthers 2.3-3.5 mm, dehiscent, not penicillate. |
subequal, 3.5-5.5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, 5-veined; lower glumes obtuse, apices rounded to acute; upper glumes rounded to obtuse, subequal or to 1 mm shorter than the lower glumes; florets 3.5-4.5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, fusiform, laterally compressed; calluses 0.3-0.5 mm, blunt; lemmas coriaceous, glabrous, shiny, apical lobes about 0.2 mm long, thick; awns 6-10 mm, readily deciduous, not geniculate, scabrous; paleas about 3 mm, from3/4 as long as to equaling the lemmas, indurate, glabrous, apices rounded, flat; anthers about 2.5 mm, dehiscent, penicillate. |
||||
Caryopses | 4-5 mm, fusiform. |
2.5-4 mm. |
||||
Basal | sheaths glabrous, pubescent, or tomentose; collars, including the sides, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, hairs shorter than 0.5 mm; basal ligules 0.5-1.2 mm, hyaline, glabrous, truncate to acute; upper ligules to 2.5 mm; basal blades 0.5-1.5 mm wide, folded to convolute, abaxial surfaces smooth, glabrous, adaxial surfaces prominently ribbed, often with 0.3-0.5 mm hairs, sometimes glabrous; upper blades to 2.5 mm wide, otherwise similar to the basal blades. |
sheaths completely or mostly glabrous, margins sometimes ciliate distally; collars glabrous; ligules 0.4-1 mm, hyaline, glabrous or pubescent, rounded; blades tightly folded or convolute, to 1 mm wide or thick, abaxial surfaces scabrous, adaxial surfaces pubescent. |
||||
2n | = 34. |
= 34. |
||||
Achnatherum lemmonii |
Achnatherum hendersonii |
|||||
Distribution |
AZ; CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; BC
|
ID; OR; WA |
||||
Discussion | Achnatherum lemmonii grows in sagebrush and yellow pine associations, from southern British Columbia to California and east to Utah. It has been confused in the past with A. nelsonii; it differs in having narrower leaves, laterally compressed florets with a thick apical lobe, and longer paleas. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Achnatherum hendersonii grows in dry, rocky, shallow soil, in sagebrush or ponderosa pine associations. It is known from only three counties: Yakima and Kittitas counties, Washington, and Crook County, Oregon. Maze (1981) noted that, at one site, A. hendersonii was restricted to areas subject to frost heaving, although under cultivation, it can grow without such disturbance. He hypothesized that its survival in such sites is attributable to a competitive advantage gained by the structure of its root system. Unlike Poa secunda, which grew in the surrounding, undisturbed areas, the outer cortex and epidermis of the roots of A. hendersonii form a sheath around the stele and inner cortex. When the roots are pulled, this sheath slips and breaks but the internal structures remain intact. In Poa secunda, the outer part of the root is attached to the central core and, when the roots are pulled, they break. Achnatherum hendersonii also differs from P. secunda in having relatively few (9-12), evenly distributed roots that extend to 30 cm. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||
Key |
|
|||||
Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 125. | FNA vol. 24, p. 139. | ||||
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Achnatherum | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Achnatherum | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Stipa lemmonii | Stipa hendersonii, Oryzopsis hendersonii | ||||
Name authority | (Vasey) Barkworth | (Vasey) Barkworth | ||||
Web links |
|