Achnatherum diegoense |
Achnatherum contractum |
|
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San Diego County needlegrass, San Diego needlegrass |
contracted ricegrass |
|
Habit | Plants cespitose, not rhizomatous. | Plants tightly cespitose, not rhizomatous. |
Culms | 110-140 cm tall, 2.5-4 mm thick, internodes densely and retrorsely pubescent for 3-9 mm below the nodes, particularly the lower nodes, glabrous or retrorsely puberulent elsewhere; nodes 3, pubescent or glabrate. |
30-50 cm tall, 1-1.3 mm thick, glabrous; nodes 3-4. |
Sheaths | glabrous; collars puberulent, hairs about 0.2 mm, sometimes the margins with poorly developed tufts of hair to 0.5 mm; ligules 1.8-5 mm, broadly to narrowly acute, glabrous; blades 0.5-1.5 mm wide, flat or convolute, abaxial surfaces smooth, adaxial surfaces scabridulous. |
|
Panicles | 21-25 cm long, (2)4-8 cm wide; branches strongly divergent to ascending, straight, lower branches 5-7 cm. |
6-25 cm long, 7-15 cm wide; branches ascending to strongly divergent, longest branches 5-8 cm; pedicels appressed to the branches, paired, unequal, shorter pedicels in each pair usually less than 1/2 as long as the longer pedicels. |
Spikelets | appressed to the branches. |
confined to the distal 1/2 of the branches. |
Glumes | subequal, 8-11.5 mm; lower glumes 0.5-1 mm wide, 3-5-veined; upper glumes 3-veined; florets 5.5-7.5 mm long, 0.7-1 mm thick, fusiform, terete; calluses 0.25-1.2 mm, acute; lemmas evenly hairy, hairs at midlength and at the apices 0.5-1 mm, apical lobes 0.2-0.4 mm, membranous, flexible; awns 20-50 mm, persistent, twice-geniculate, all segments scabrous to scabridulous, terminal segment straight; paleas 2.6-3.8 mm, 1/2 - 3/4 as long as the lemmas, pubescent, hairs not extending beyond the apices, veins terminating below the apices, apices rounded; anthers 2.5-4 mm, dehiscent, not penicillate. |
saccate below, tapering at midlength, glabrous, midveins sometimes scabridulous, apices acuminate; lower glumes 5.5-7 mm long, 0.9-1.5 mm wide; upper glumes about 0.3 mm shorter; florets 2.5-3.5 mm long, 0.7-1.5 mm thick, fusiform to obovoid; calluses 0.3-0.5 mm, blunt; lemmas densely pilose, hairs at midlength and on the apices similar, 1.2-2 mm, apical lobes 0.5-0.6 mm; awns 6.5-9 mm, readily deciduous, scabrous; paleas similar to the lemmas in length, texture, and pubescence, distal hairs exceeding the paleal apices, apices rounded, flat; anthers about 1.5 mm, penicillate, dehiscent, well-filled. |
Caryopses | 1.5-2.5 mm, globose to obovoid. |
|
Basal | sheaths mostly glabrous or puberulent, margins ciliate distally; collars glabrous or with hairs, hairs mostly to 0.5 mm, sides with tufts of 1.5-2 mm hairs; ligules 0.4-2 mm, rounded to acute, abaxial surfaces hairy, hairs to 0.5 mm; upper ligules 1-3 mm, similar in structure and pubescence; blades 1-3.5 mm wide, abaxial surfaces smooth or scabrous, adaxial surfaces prominently ribbed, hairy, hairs 2-3 mm. |
|
2n | = unknown. |
= 48. |
Achnatherum diegoense |
Achnatherum contractum |
|
Distribution |
CA
|
CO; MT; WY |
Discussion | Achnatherum diegoense grows in chaparral and coastal sage scrub, on rocky soil near streams or the coast, at 0-350 m, on the Channel Islands of Santa Barbara County, California, and, on the mainland, in Ventura and San Diego counties south into Baja California, Mexico. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Achnatherum contractum grows in rocky grasslands in eastern Idaho, southwestern Montana, and Wyoming. It is a fertile derivative of a Piptatherum micranthum x Achnatherum hymenoides hybrid (Shechter and Johnson 1968; Shechter 1969). Immature specimens of A. hymenoides are sometimes confused with A. contractum because they have contracted panicles with appressed branches and pedicels; they differ in having pedicel pairs in which the shorter pedicel is more than half as long as the longer pedicel. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 131. | FNA vol. 24, p. 141. |
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Achnatherum | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Achnatherum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Oryzopsis contracta | |
Name authority | (Swallen) Barkworth | (B.L. Johnson) Barkworth |
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