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San Diego County needlegrass, San Diego needlegrass

contracted ricegrass

Habit Plants cespitose, not rhizomatous. Plants tightly cespitose, not rhizomatous.
Culms

110-140 cm tall, 2.5-4 mm thick, internodes densely and retrorsely pubescent for 3-9 mm below the nodes, particularly the lower nodes, glabrous or retrorsely puberulent elsewhere;

nodes 3, pubescent or glabrate.

30-50 cm tall, 1-1.3 mm thick, glabrous;

nodes 3-4.

Sheaths

glabrous;

collars puberulent, hairs about 0.2 mm, sometimes the margins with poorly developed tufts of hair to 0.5 mm;

ligules 1.8-5 mm, broadly to narrowly acute, glabrous;

blades 0.5-1.5 mm wide, flat or convolute, abaxial surfaces smooth, adaxial surfaces scabridulous.

Panicles

21-25 cm long, (2)4-8 cm wide;

branches strongly divergent to ascending, straight, lower branches 5-7 cm.

6-25 cm long, 7-15 cm wide;

branches ascending to strongly divergent, longest branches 5-8 cm;

pedicels appressed to the branches, paired, unequal, shorter pedicels in each pair usually less than 1/2 as long as the longer pedicels.

Spikelets

appressed to the branches.

confined to the distal 1/2 of the branches.

Glumes

subequal, 8-11.5 mm;

lower glumes 0.5-1 mm wide, 3-5-veined;

upper glumes 3-veined;

florets 5.5-7.5 mm long, 0.7-1 mm thick, fusiform, terete;

calluses 0.25-1.2 mm, acute;

lemmas evenly hairy, hairs at midlength and at the apices 0.5-1 mm, apical lobes 0.2-0.4 mm, membranous, flexible;

awns 20-50 mm, persistent, twice-geniculate, all segments scabrous to scabridulous, terminal segment straight;

paleas 2.6-3.8 mm, 1/2 - 3/4 as long as the lemmas, pubescent, hairs not extending beyond the apices, veins terminating below the apices, apices rounded;

anthers 2.5-4 mm, dehiscent, not penicillate.

saccate below, tapering at midlength, glabrous, midveins sometimes scabridulous, apices acuminate;

lower glumes 5.5-7 mm long, 0.9-1.5 mm wide;

upper glumes about 0.3 mm shorter;

florets 2.5-3.5 mm long, 0.7-1.5 mm thick, fusiform to obovoid;

calluses 0.3-0.5 mm, blunt;

lemmas densely pilose, hairs at midlength and on the apices similar, 1.2-2 mm, apical lobes 0.5-0.6 mm;

awns 6.5-9 mm, readily deciduous, scabrous;

paleas similar to the lemmas in length, texture, and pubescence, distal hairs exceeding the paleal apices, apices rounded, flat;

anthers about 1.5 mm, penicillate, dehiscent, well-filled.

Caryopses

1.5-2.5 mm, globose to obovoid.

Basal

sheaths mostly glabrous or puberulent, margins ciliate distally;

collars glabrous or with hairs, hairs mostly to 0.5 mm, sides with tufts of 1.5-2 mm hairs;

ligules 0.4-2 mm, rounded to acute, abaxial surfaces hairy, hairs to 0.5 mm;

upper ligules 1-3 mm, similar in structure and pubescence;

blades 1-3.5 mm wide, abaxial surfaces smooth or scabrous, adaxial surfaces prominently ribbed, hairy, hairs 2-3 mm.

2n

= unknown.

= 48.

Achnatherum diegoense

Achnatherum contractum

Distribution
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CO; MT; WY
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Achnatherum diegoense grows in chaparral and coastal sage scrub, on rocky soil near streams or the coast, at 0-350 m, on the Channel Islands of Santa Barbara County, California, and, on the mainland, in Ventura and San Diego counties south into Baja California, Mexico.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Achnatherum contractum grows in rocky grasslands in eastern Idaho, southwestern Montana, and Wyoming. It is a fertile derivative of a Piptatherum micranthum x Achnatherum hymenoides hybrid (Shechter and Johnson 1968; Shechter 1969). Immature specimens of A. hymenoides are sometimes confused with A. contractum because they have contracted panicles with appressed branches and pedicels; they differ in having pedicel pairs in which the shorter pedicel is more than half as long as the longer pedicel.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 24, p. 131. FNA vol. 24, p. 141.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Achnatherum Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Achnatherum
Sibling taxa
A. aridum, A. arnowiae, A. contractum, A. coronatum, A. curvifolium, A. eminens, A. hendersonii, A. hymenoides, A. latiglume, A. lemmonii, A. lettermanii, A. lobatum, A. nelsonii, A. nevadense, A. occidentale, A. parishii, A. perplexum, A. pinetorum, A. richardsonii, A. robustum, A. scribneri, A. splendens, A. stillmanii, A. swallenii, A. thurberianum, A. wallowaense, A. webberi, A. ×bloomeri
A. aridum, A. arnowiae, A. coronatum, A. curvifolium, A. diegoense, A. eminens, A. hendersonii, A. hymenoides, A. latiglume, A. lemmonii, A. lettermanii, A. lobatum, A. nelsonii, A. nevadense, A. occidentale, A. parishii, A. perplexum, A. pinetorum, A. richardsonii, A. robustum, A. scribneri, A. splendens, A. stillmanii, A. swallenii, A. thurberianum, A. wallowaense, A. webberi, A. ×bloomeri
Synonyms Oryzopsis contracta
Name authority (Swallen) Barkworth (B.L. Johnson) Barkworth
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