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California acalypha, California copperleaf, heirba del cancer, Pringle threeseed Mercury

New Mexico copperleaf

Habit Shrubs, 5–10 dm, monoecious. Herbs, annual, 1–3.5 dm, monoecious.
Stems

erect, hirsute and stipitate-glandular, becoming glabrate.

erect, pubescent.

Leaves

persistent or drought-deciduous;

petiole 0.5–2.5 cm;

blade ovate to cordate, 1–5 × 0.5–4 cm, base truncate to rounded or cordate, margins serrate-crenate, apex acute or obtuse.

petiole 1–4 cm;

blade ovate-lanceolate, 2–5 × 0.7–2.7 cm, base rounded (sometimes asymmetric), margins crenate to serrate, apex acute.

Inflorescences

unisexual and bisexual, axillary and terminal; staminate peduncle 0.3–2.5 cm, fertile portion 1–4 cm; pistillate peduncle 0.4–3 cm, fertile portion 1–3 × 0.8–1.2 cm;

bisexual similar to staminate, with 1–3 pistillate bracts near base;

allomorphic pistillate flowers absent.

unisexual, axillary (staminate) and terminal (pistillate; sometimes on short lateral branches, appearing axillary); staminate peduncle 0.1–0.3 cm, fertile portion 0.1–0.6 cm; pistillate peduncle 0.1–0.2 cm, fertile portion 2–5(–7) × 1.5–2.5 cm;

allomorphic pistillate flowers common, near apices of pistillate inflorescences.

Pedicels

of allomorphic flowers rudimentary.

Pistillate flowers

pistil 3-carpellate;

styles multifid or laciniate.

pistil 3-carpellate (normal flowers), 2-carpellate (allomorphic flowers);

styles multifid or laciniate.

Capsules

smooth, pubescent and stipitate-glandular.

smooth, pubescent;

allomorphic fruits obovoid, longitudinally 2-ridged near apex, 1.4–1.6 × 1–1.2 mm, muricate, pubescent.

Seeds

1.5–2 mm, minutely pitted.

1.2–1.5 mm, coarsely pitted.

Pistillate

bracts loosely arranged (inflorescence axis visible between bracts), 3–6 × 5.5–11 mm, abaxial surface pubescent, sessile- and stipitate-glandular;

lobes (8–)10–18, rounded, 1/5 bract length.

bracts (normal and allomorphic flowers) crowded (inflorescence axis not or sparingly visible between bracts), 12–15 × 7–10 mm, abaxial surface pubescent and stipitate-glandular;

lobes (5–)9–13(–17), deltate to triangular, 1/8–1/4 bract length, except terminal lobe to 1/3 bract length.

2n

= 20.

Acalypha californica

Acalypha neomexicana

Phenology Flowering and fruiting year-round, especially spring and fall. Flowering and fruiting late summer–fall.
Habitat Arid rocky slopes, desert washes. Moist or shaded areas, oak or pine woodlands, desert grasslands.
Elevation 10–1400 m. (0–4600 ft.) 600–2500 m. (2000–8200 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sinaloa, Sonora)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; NM; TX; n Mexico; c Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Plants in Arizona and Sonora have been segregated as Acalypha pringlei based on having long nonglandular hairs mixed with shorter hairs on the stem (versus hairs all of one length). This trait appears throughout the range of A. californica and cannot be used to distinguish two species (G. A. Levin 1995).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Acalypha neomexicana is known in Texas only from the trans-Pecos region.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 12, p. 165. FNA vol. 12, p. 169.
Parent taxa Euphorbiaceae > Acalypha Euphorbiaceae > Acalypha
Sibling taxa
A. alopecuroidea, A. arvensis, A. australis, A. chamaedrifolia, A. deamii, A. gracilens, A. monococca, A. monostachya, A. neomexicana, A. ostryifolia, A. phleoides, A. poiretii, A. radians, A. rhomboidea, A. setosa, A. virginica, A. wilkesiana
A. alopecuroidea, A. arvensis, A. australis, A. californica, A. chamaedrifolia, A. deamii, A. gracilens, A. monococca, A. monostachya, A. ostryifolia, A. phleoides, A. poiretii, A. radians, A. rhomboidea, A. setosa, A. virginica, A. wilkesiana
Synonyms A. pringlei
Name authority Bentham: Bot. Voy. Sulphur, 51. (1844) Müller Arg.: Linnaea 34: 19. (1865)
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