Acalypha californica |
Acalypha neomexicana |
|
---|---|---|
California acalypha, California copperleaf, heirba del cancer, Pringle threeseed Mercury |
New Mexico copperleaf |
|
Habit | Shrubs, 5–10 dm, monoecious. | Herbs, annual, 1–3.5 dm, monoecious. |
Stems | erect, hirsute and stipitate-glandular, becoming glabrate. |
erect, pubescent. |
Leaves | persistent or drought-deciduous; petiole 0.5–2.5 cm; blade ovate to cordate, 1–5 × 0.5–4 cm, base truncate to rounded or cordate, margins serrate-crenate, apex acute or obtuse. |
petiole 1–4 cm; blade ovate-lanceolate, 2–5 × 0.7–2.7 cm, base rounded (sometimes asymmetric), margins crenate to serrate, apex acute. |
Inflorescences | unisexual and bisexual, axillary and terminal; staminate peduncle 0.3–2.5 cm, fertile portion 1–4 cm; pistillate peduncle 0.4–3 cm, fertile portion 1–3 × 0.8–1.2 cm; bisexual similar to staminate, with 1–3 pistillate bracts near base; allomorphic pistillate flowers absent. |
unisexual, axillary (staminate) and terminal (pistillate; sometimes on short lateral branches, appearing axillary); staminate peduncle 0.1–0.3 cm, fertile portion 0.1–0.6 cm; pistillate peduncle 0.1–0.2 cm, fertile portion 2–5(–7) × 1.5–2.5 cm; allomorphic pistillate flowers common, near apices of pistillate inflorescences. |
Pedicels | of allomorphic flowers rudimentary. |
|
Pistillate flowers | pistil 3-carpellate; styles multifid or laciniate. |
pistil 3-carpellate (normal flowers), 2-carpellate (allomorphic flowers); styles multifid or laciniate. |
Capsules | smooth, pubescent and stipitate-glandular. |
smooth, pubescent; allomorphic fruits obovoid, longitudinally 2-ridged near apex, 1.4–1.6 × 1–1.2 mm, muricate, pubescent. |
Seeds | 1.5–2 mm, minutely pitted. |
1.2–1.5 mm, coarsely pitted. |
Pistillate | bracts loosely arranged (inflorescence axis visible between bracts), 3–6 × 5.5–11 mm, abaxial surface pubescent, sessile- and stipitate-glandular; lobes (8–)10–18, rounded, 1/5 bract length. |
bracts (normal and allomorphic flowers) crowded (inflorescence axis not or sparingly visible between bracts), 12–15 × 7–10 mm, abaxial surface pubescent and stipitate-glandular; lobes (5–)9–13(–17), deltate to triangular, 1/8–1/4 bract length, except terminal lobe to 1/3 bract length. |
2n | = 20. |
|
Acalypha californica |
Acalypha neomexicana |
|
Phenology | Flowering and fruiting year-round, especially spring and fall. | Flowering and fruiting late summer–fall. |
Habitat | Arid rocky slopes, desert washes. | Moist or shaded areas, oak or pine woodlands, desert grasslands. |
Elevation | 10–1400 m. (0–4600 ft.) | 600–2500 m. (2000–8200 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sinaloa, Sonora)
|
AZ; NM; TX; n Mexico; c Mexico
|
Discussion | Plants in Arizona and Sonora have been segregated as Acalypha pringlei based on having long nonglandular hairs mixed with shorter hairs on the stem (versus hairs all of one length). This trait appears throughout the range of A. californica and cannot be used to distinguish two species (G. A. Levin 1995). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Acalypha neomexicana is known in Texas only from the trans-Pecos region. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 165. | FNA vol. 12, p. 169. |
Parent taxa | Euphorbiaceae > Acalypha | Euphorbiaceae > Acalypha |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | A. pringlei | |
Name authority | Bentham: Bot. Voy. Sulphur, 51. (1844) | Müller Arg.: Linnaea 34: 19. (1865) |
Web links |