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foxtail copperleaf

oneseed Mercury, slender threeseed Mercury

Habit Herbs, annual, 2–6 dm, monoecious. Herbs, annual, 1–4 dm, monoecious.
Stems

erect, short-pubescent and stipitate-glandular.

erect, pubescent.

Leaves

petiole 0.5–7 cm, stipitate-glandular;

blade ovate to broadly ovate, 2–8 × 1.5–5 cm, base rounded or subcordate, margins serrate, apex acuminate.

petiole 0.2–1(–1.2) cm;

blade linear-lanceolate to linear, 1.7–6(–7) × 0.3–1.2 cm, base cuneate, margins usually subentire, sometimes shallowly serrate, apex acute.

Inflorescences

unisexual, axillary (staminate) and terminal (pistillate);

staminate peduncle 0.1–0.6 cm, stipitate-glandular, fertile portion 0.2–0.8 cm;

pistillate peduncle 0.2–1 cm, stipitate-glandular, fertile portion 2–6 × 0.8–1.5 cm;

allomorphic pistillate flowers common, terminal on pistillate or, rarely, staminate inflorescences.

bisexual, axillary;

peduncle 0.1–0.6 cm, pistillate portion 0.6–1.2 × 0.8–1.5 cm or pistillate bract solitary, staminate portion 0.1–2.5 cm;

allomorphic pistillate flowers absent.

Pedicels

of allomorphic flowers 5–15 mm.

Pistillate flowers

pistil 3-carpellate (normal flowers), 1(–2)-carpellate (allomorphic flowers);

styles unbranched or rarely 2-fid.

pistil 1-carpellate;

styles multifid or laciniate.

Capsules

smooth, pubescent and stipitate-glandular or glabrate;

allomorphic fruits obovoid, 1–1.5 × 0.9–1.2 mm, muricate, hirsute.

smooth, pubescent.

Seeds

1–1.1 mm, minutely pitted.

1.6–2.4 mm, shallowly pitted.

Pistillate

bracts (normal flowers) crowded (inflorescence axis not visible between bracts), 8–12 × 3–4 mm, abaxial surface long-hirsute (hairs to 2 mm) and stipitate-glandular;

lobes 3–5, proximally deltate with linear tips, 3/4 bract length, smooth; of allomorphic flowers absent.

bracts loosely arranged to crowded (inflorescence axis clearly to scarcely visible between bracts) or solitary, 8–13 × 11–16 mm, abaxial surface sparsely to densely pubescent, red sessile-glandular, and rarely stipitate-glandular;

lobes (7–)9–13(–17), deltate, 1/10–1/4 bract length.

Acalypha alopecuroidea

Acalypha monococca

Phenology Flowering and fruiting late summer–fall. Flowering and fruiting summer–fall.
Habitat Disturbed areas. Pine and oak woods, prairies, barrens, on sandy or shallow rocky soils.
Elevation 0–40 m. (0–100 ft.) 80–600 m. (300–2000 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; LA; Mexico; Central America; West Indies; n South America [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AR; IL; KS; KY; LA; MO; OK; TX
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Acalypha alopecuroidea has been established in the United States since at least the 1950s.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Even when fruits have dehisced, Acalypha monococca is easily distinguished from A. gracilens and all other species in the genus by its curved, needlelike columellae.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 12, p. 167. FNA vol. 12, p. 171.
Parent taxa Euphorbiaceae > Acalypha Euphorbiaceae > Acalypha
Sibling taxa
A. arvensis, A. australis, A. californica, A. chamaedrifolia, A. deamii, A. gracilens, A. monococca, A. monostachya, A. neomexicana, A. ostryifolia, A. phleoides, A. poiretii, A. radians, A. rhomboidea, A. setosa, A. virginica, A. wilkesiana
A. alopecuroidea, A. arvensis, A. australis, A. californica, A. chamaedrifolia, A. deamii, A. gracilens, A. monostachya, A. neomexicana, A. ostryifolia, A. phleoides, A. poiretii, A. radians, A. rhomboidea, A. setosa, A. virginica, A. wilkesiana
Synonyms A. gracilens var. monococca, A. gracilens subsp. monococca
Name authority Jacquin: Collectanea 3: 196. (1791) (Engelmann ex A. Gray) Lillian W. Miller & Gandhi: Sida 13: 123. (1988)
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