Abutilon fruticosum |
Abutilon |
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pelotazo, Texas Indian mallow |
Indian-mallow |
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Habit | Subshrubs, 1–1.5 m. Stems erect, stellate-tomentulose, without simple hairs. | Subshrubs, shrubs, or herbs. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | erect, sometimes trailing (A. parvulum) or procumbent or ascending (A. wrightii), glabrescent or pubescent, sometimes viscid (A. hirtum, A. reventum, A. trisulcatum). |
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Leaves | stipules subulate, 2 mm; petiole shorter than blade; blade ± concolorous, ovate, 2–10 cm (often smaller), somewhat longer than wide, base cordate, margins irregularly serrate, apex acute, surfaces minutely stellate-pubescent. |
stipules usually persistent, subulate, lanceolate, or filiform; blade elliptic, ovate, [cordiform], sometimes shallowly lobed, but not maplelike [sometimes umbellate]; involucel absent. |
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Inflorescences | solitary flowers or terminal panicles. |
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Flowers | calyx 3–5 mm, lobes not overlapping, reflexed in fruit, lanceolate-ovate, to 8 mm wide; corolla yellow throughout, petals 5–10 mm; staminal column glabrous; style 6–9-branched. |
calyx not accrescent (except A. hulseanum, A. hypoleucum, A. palmeri, and A. wrightii), not inflated, not completely enclosing fruit, lobes not ribbed, lanceolate, ovate, cordate, or acuminate; corolla usually yellow or orange, less often pinkish, sometimes with dark red center; staminal column included or exserted; ovules 3(–6) per carpel; style 5–25-branched; stigmas sometimes black, capitate. |
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Fruits | schizocarps, erect, not inflated, globose, ovoid, oblate, cask-shaped, or cylindric, usually not indurate, variably hairy but not setose; mericarps 5–25, 1-celled follicle, adherent to adjacent mericarps and persistent on their axes, without dorsal spur, apex usually acute or acuminate to spinescent, sometimes rounded or obtuse, abaxially dehiscent. |
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Seeds | 3 per mericarp, 2 mm, puberulent but appearing glabrous. |
usually 3–6 per mericarp, usually turbinate, puberulent or scabridulous. |
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Schizocarps | cask-shaped, 8–9 × 8–9 mm; mericarps: apex acute or apiculate, surface tomentulose. |
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x | = 7, 8. |
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2n | = 14. |
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Abutilon fruticosum |
Abutilon |
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Phenology | Flowering year-round. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Open, arid habitats | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–2000 m (0–6600 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AR; NM; OK; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas); se Europe; n Africa
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United States; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies; Asia; Africa; Australia |
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Discussion | Abutilon fruticosum is thought to be native to the New World; it also occurs disjunctly in northern Africa and the Levant countries. It is widespread in southwestern Texas, scarce in Oklahoma and Arkansas, and is known from Chaves and Lincoln counties, New Mexico. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species ca. 160 (18 in the flora). Abutilon is mostly tropical and subtropical with relatively few species reaching into fully temperate climates. The South American native Abutilon megapotamicum (A. Sprengel) A. Saint-Hilaire & Naudin (= A. vexillarium E. Morren) is sometimes grown as a basket plant in colder regions and perhaps in the open in frost-free areas; it is not naturalized in the flora area. Another South American species, A. striatum Dickson ex Lindley [= A. pictum (Gillies ex Hooker) Walpers], has been widely introduced elsewhere as an ornamental and is naturalized in some tropical countries. This species is grown in North American gardens as a perennial in warmer climates and an annual in colder ones, but is not known to be naturalized in the flora area. Abutilon indicum (Linnaeus) Sweet has been said to be naturalized in southern Florida (L. H. Bailey et al. 1976); its occurrence in the flora area has not been substantiated. This species has an Indo-Australian origin (J. van Borssum Waalkes 1966) and is naturalized in the West Indies. Abutilon grandifolium (Willdenow) Sweet is sometimes cultivated and may escape. Outside North America, plants of Abutilon may be arborescent, and their corollas may be of other colors although yellow or yellow-orange predominates. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 223. | FNA vol. 6, p. 220. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Abutilon | Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | A. texense | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Guillemin & Perrottet: in J. B. A. Guillemin et al., Fl. Seneg. Tent. 1: 70. (1831) | Miller: Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4, vol. 1. (1754) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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