Flora of North America species comparison

grayish brown, in age becoming thick and deeply furrowed (furrows and ridges about same width) and reddish brown (especially reddish when plates flake off).

gray, thin, smooth, with age developing appressed reddish scales at trunk base.

diverging from trunk at right angles, stiff;

twigs reddish brown, finely pubescent for several years.

diverging from trunk at right angles;

twigs opposite, pale yellow-brown, pubescence reddish.

hidden by leaves, tan, ovoid, small, not resinous, apex rounded;

basal scales short, broad, equilaterally triangular, pubescent centrally, not resinous, margins entire to crenate, apex sharp-pointed.

exposed, light brown, conic, small, resinous, apex acute;

basal scales short, broad, equilaterally triangular, glabrous, resinous, margins entire, apex sharp-pointed.

1–3(–3.5)cm × 1.5–2mm, 1-ranked, flexible, proximal portion often appressed to twig for 2–3mm (best seen on abaxial surface of twig), distal portion divergent;

cross section flat, with prominent raised midrib abaxially, with or without groove adaxially, or cross section 4-sided on fertile branches;

odor pungent, faintly turpentinelike;

abaxial surface with 2–4 glaucous bands, each band with (4–)6–7 stomatal rows;

adaxial surface bluish green, with 0–2 glaucous bands, each band with 0–7 stomatal rows at midleaf;

apex rounded to notched;

leaves on fertile branches 4-sided with 4 bands of stomates below;

resin canals small, near margins and abaxial epidermal layer.

1.2–2.5cm × 1.5–2mm, 2-ranked, particularly in lower parts of tree, to spiraled, flexible;

cross section flat, grooved adaxially;

odor turpentinelike, strong;

abaxial surface with (8–)10(–12) stomatal rows on each side of midrib;

adaxial surface dark lustrous green, sometimes slightly glaucous, with 0–3 stomatal rows at midleaf, these more numerous toward leaf apex;

apex slightly notched to rounded;

resin canals large, ± median, away from margins and midway between abaxial and adaxial epidermal layers.

at pollination ± purple, ± red, or reddish brown.

at pollination reddish yellow or yellowish green.

cones oblong-cylindric, 10–15 × 5–6.5cm, green, red, or purple, overlaid with green bracts, at maturity brown (bracts light-colored and scales dark), sessile, apex rounded;

scales ca. 2.5 × 3cm, pubescent;

bracts exserted and reflexed over scales.

cones cylindric, 3.5–6 × 2.5–4cm, dark purple overlaid with yellowish green bracts, sessile, apex round;

scales ca. 0.7–1 × 1–1.3cm, pubescent;

bracts exserted and reflexed over cone scales.

=24.

=24.