Flora of North America species comparison

grayish brown, in age becoming thick and deeply furrowed (furrows and ridges about same width) and reddish brown (especially reddish when plates flake off).

red-brown, thin, smooth, with age slightly fissured and broken into appressed scales.

diverging from trunk at right angles, stiff;

twigs reddish brown, finely pubescent for several years.

diverging from trunk at right angles, the lower often drooping in age;

twigs becoming purplish green or brown, glabrous, glaucous when young.

hidden by leaves, tan, ovoid, small, not resinous, apex rounded;

basal scales short, broad, equilaterally triangular, pubescent centrally, not resinous, margins entire to crenate, apex sharp-pointed.

exposed, brown, ovate to fusiform, extremely large, not resinous, apex pointed;

basal scales short, broad, equilaterally triangular, glabrous, not resinous, margins entire, apex sharp-pointed.

1–3(–3.5)cm × 1.5–2mm, 1-ranked, flexible, proximal portion often appressed to twig for 2–3mm (best seen on abaxial surface of twig), distal portion divergent;

cross section flat, with prominent raised midrib abaxially, with or without groove adaxially, or cross section 4-sided on fertile branches;

odor pungent, faintly turpentinelike;

abaxial surface with 2–4 glaucous bands, each band with (4–)6–7 stomatal rows;

adaxial surface bluish green, with 0–2 glaucous bands, each band with 0–7 stomatal rows at midleaf;

apex rounded to notched;

leaves on fertile branches 4-sided with 4 bands of stomates below;

resin canals small, near margins and abaxial epidermal layer.

2.5–6cm × 3mm, 2-ranked to spiraled, stiff;

cross section flat, with raised vein abaxially, grooveless to faintly grooved adaxially;

odor pungent;

abaxial surface with 8–10 stomatal rows on each side of midrib;

adaxial surface dark green, lacking stomates;

apex sharply pointed;

resin canals small, near margins and abaxial epidermal layer.

at pollination ± purple, ± red, or reddish brown.

at pollination yellow to yellow-green.

cones oblong-cylindric, 10–15 × 5–6.5cm, green, red, or purple, overlaid with green bracts, at maturity brown (bracts light-colored and scales dark), sessile, apex rounded;

scales ca. 2.5 × 3cm, pubescent;

bracts exserted and reflexed over scales.

cones ovoid, 7–10 × 4–5cm, pale purplish brown, borne on stout peduncles, apex round;

scales ca. 1.5–2 × 2–2.5cm, glabrous;

bracts exserted, not reflexed.

=24.