Flora of North America species comparison

grayish brown, in age becoming thick and deeply furrowed (furrows and ridges about same width) and reddish brown (especially reddish when plates flake off).

gray, thin, smooth, with age breaking into scaly plates.

diverging from trunk at right angles, stiff;

twigs reddish brown, finely pubescent for several years.

diverging from trunk at right angles, short, stiff;

twigs mostly opposite, darker brown abaxially, light brown adaxially, pubescence tan.

hidden by leaves, tan, ovoid, small, not resinous, apex rounded;

basal scales short, broad, equilaterally triangular, pubescent centrally, not resinous, margins entire to crenate, apex sharp-pointed.

hidden by leaves or exposed, brown, globose, small, resinous (at least apically), apex rounded;

basal scales short, broad, triangular, densely pubescent, usually not resinous, margins entire, apex sharp-pointed.

1–3(–3.5)cm × 1.5–2mm, 1-ranked, flexible, proximal portion often appressed to twig for 2–3mm (best seen on abaxial surface of twig), distal portion divergent;

cross section flat, with prominent raised midrib abaxially, with or without groove adaxially, or cross section 4-sided on fertile branches;

odor pungent, faintly turpentinelike;

abaxial surface with 2–4 glaucous bands, each band with (4–)6–7 stomatal rows;

adaxial surface bluish green, with 0–2 glaucous bands, each band with 0–7 stomatal rows at midleaf;

apex rounded to notched;

leaves on fertile branches 4-sided with 4 bands of stomates below;

resin canals small, near margins and abaxial epidermal layer.

(0.7–)1–2.5cm × 1–3mm, mostly 2-ranked, flexible, ± concealing the adaxial surface of the twigs (especially in mid to upper crown), some leaves forwardly directed, others usually longer and spreading horizontally, proximal portion ± straight;

cross section flat, prominently grooved adaxially;

odor pungent;

abaxial surface with 5–6 stomatal rows on each side of midrib;

adaxial surface dark, lustrous green, lacking stomates;

apex prominently notched;

resin canals small, near margins and abaxial epidermal layer.

at pollination ± purple, ± red, or reddish brown.

at pollination red, becoming reddish yellow.

cones oblong-cylindric, 10–15 × 5–6.5cm, green, red, or purple, overlaid with green bracts, at maturity brown (bracts light-colored and scales dark), sessile, apex rounded;

scales ca. 2.5 × 3cm, pubescent;

bracts exserted and reflexed over scales.

cones cylindric, 8–10(–13) × 3.5–5cm, purple, sessile, apex round to nipple-shaped;

scales ca. 2 × 2cm, pubescent;

bracts included.

=24.