Burke: Viola trinervata vs. Viola vallicola

	Viola trinervata	Viola vallicola
	desert pansy, 3-nerved violet, sagebrush violet
Habit	Glabrous, somewhat glaucous perennial from short, thick, very deep-seated rhizomes, the stems several, naked below, 5-15 cm. tall.	Perennial from short, erect rhizomes, the stems up to 15 cm. long.
Leaves	Leaf blades palmately lobed or compound, the main segments once or twice dissected, the ultimate segments narrowly elliptic, 1.5-4 cm. long; leaves leathery, prominently 3-nerved on the lower surface; petioles longer than the blades.	Leaf blades glabrous to sparsely hairy, entire, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, truncate or sub-cordate at the base, up to 5 cm. long; petiole 3-10 cm. long; stipules attached to the petiole, the free portion few-toothed.
Flowers	Peduncles exceeding the leaves; flowers about 1.5 cm. long, usually bicolored, the upper pair deep reddish-violet, the lower 3 pale to deep lilac, with yellowish or whitish base and purple penciling, occasionally all white or all deep purple; style head hairy.	Flowers with peduncles shorter than the leaves; flowers 8-15 mm. long, yellow, the upper petals brownish-backed, the lower 3 penciled with brownish-purple, the lateral pair bearded; style head bearded, rounded.
Fruits	Fruit a 3-valved capsule, ovary superior, placentation parietal.	Fruit a glabrous, 3-valved capsule, ovary superior, placentation parietal.

	Viola trinervata	Viola vallicola
Flowering time	March-June	April-July
Habitat	Sagebrush flats and rocky hillsides, often on lithosol, where vernally moist.	Sagebrush and juniper flats, grasslands, and open coniferous forest.
Distribution	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; north-central Washington to southeastern Oregon. [WildflowerSearch map] [BONAP county map]	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Great Plains. [WildflowerSearch map] [BONAP county map]
Origin	Native	Native
Conservation status	Not of concern	Not of concern
Sibling taxa	V. adunca, V. arvensis, V. canadensis, V. flettii, V. glabella, V. howellii, V. lanceolata, V. langsdorffii, V. macloskeyi, V. nephrophylla, V. nuttallii, V. odorata, V. orbiculata, V. palustris, V. pluviae, V. purpurea, V. renifolia, V. riviniana, V. selkirkii, V. sempervirens, V. sheltonii, V. sororia, V. tricolor, V. ×wittrockiana	V. adunca, V. arvensis, V. canadensis, V. flettii, V. glabella, V. howellii, V. lanceolata, V. langsdorffii, V. macloskeyi, V. nephrophylla, V. nuttallii, V. odorata, V. orbiculata, V. palustris, V. pluviae, V. purpurea, V. renifolia, V. riviniana, V. selkirkii, V. sempervirens, V. sheltonii, V. sororia, V. tricolor, V. trinervata, V. ×wittrockiana
Web links	Local floras: OR, WA Local Web sites: Flora NW, PNW Herbaria, Turner Photog. WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) USDA Plants Database LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search	Local floras: BC, OR Local Web sites: Flora NW, PNW Herbaria WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) USDA Plants Database LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search

Viola vallicola

desert pansy, 3-nerved violet, sagebrush violet

Habit

Glabrous, somewhat glaucous perennial from short, thick, very deep-seated rhizomes, the stems several, naked below, 5-15 cm. tall.

Perennial from short, erect rhizomes, the stems up to 15 cm. long.

Leaves

Leaf blades palmately lobed or compound, the main segments once or twice dissected, the ultimate segments narrowly elliptic, 1.5-4 cm. long;

leaves leathery, prominently 3-nerved on the lower surface;

petioles longer than the blades.

Leaf blades glabrous to sparsely hairy, entire, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, truncate or sub-cordate at the base, up to 5 cm. long;

petiole 3-10 cm. long;

stipules attached to the petiole, the free portion few-toothed.

Flowers

Peduncles exceeding the leaves;

flowers about 1.5 cm. long, usually bicolored, the upper pair deep reddish-violet, the lower 3 pale to deep lilac, with yellowish or whitish base and purple penciling, occasionally all white or all deep purple;

style head hairy.

Flowers with peduncles shorter than the leaves;

flowers 8-15 mm. long, yellow, the upper petals brownish-backed, the lower 3 penciled with brownish-purple, the lateral pair bearded;

style head bearded, rounded.

Fruits

Fruit a 3-valved capsule, ovary superior, placentation parietal.

Fruit a glabrous, 3-valved capsule, ovary superior, placentation parietal.