Burke: Viola trinervata vs. Viola tricolor

	Viola trinervata	Viola tricolor
	desert pansy, 3-nerved violet, sagebrush violet	Johnny jump-up
Habit	Glabrous, somewhat glaucous perennial from short, thick, very deep-seated rhizomes, the stems several, naked below, 5-15 cm. tall.	Variable, glabrous or puberulent, annual or biennial, low or short plant.
Leaves	Leaf blades palmately lobed or compound, the main segments once or twice dissected, the ultimate segments narrowly elliptic, 1.5-4 cm. long; leaves leathery, prominently 3-nerved on the lower surface; petioles longer than the blades.	Leaves oval to broadly lanceolate, mostly basal; stipules leaf-like, pinnately lobed, the end lobe longer.
Flowers	Peduncles exceeding the leaves; flowers about 1.5 cm. long, usually bicolored, the upper pair deep reddish-violet, the lower 3 pale to deep lilac, with yellowish or whitish base and purple penciling, occasionally all white or all deep purple; style head hairy.	Flowers 10-25 mm. long, the spur long; petals violet or yellow or both, longer than the sepals.
Fruits	Fruit a 3-valved capsule, ovary superior, placentation parietal.	Fruit a 3-valved capsule, ovary superior, placentation parietal.

	Viola trinervata	Viola tricolor
Flowering time	March-June	April-September
Habitat	Sagebrush flats and rocky hillsides, often on lithosol, where vernally moist.	Disturbed areas near cultivated setting in towns and cities, where escaping cultivation.
Distribution	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; north-central Washington to southeastern Oregon. [WildflowerSearch map] [BONAP county map]	Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast. [WildflowerSearch map] [BONAP county map]
Origin	Native	Introduced from Europe
Conservation status	Not of concern	Not of concern
Sibling taxa	V. adunca, V. arvensis, V. canadensis, V. flettii, V. glabella, V. howellii, V. lanceolata, V. langsdorffii, V. macloskeyi, V. nephrophylla, V. nuttallii, V. odorata, V. orbiculata, V. palustris, V. pluviae, V. purpurea, V. renifolia, V. riviniana, V. selkirkii, V. sempervirens, V. sheltonii, V. sororia, V. tricolor, V. ×wittrockiana	V. adunca, V. arvensis, V. canadensis, V. flettii, V. glabella, V. howellii, V. lanceolata, V. langsdorffii, V. macloskeyi, V. nephrophylla, V. nuttallii, V. odorata, V. orbiculata, V. palustris, V. pluviae, V. purpurea, V. renifolia, V. riviniana, V. selkirkii, V. sempervirens, V. sheltonii, V. sororia, V. trinervata, V. ×wittrockiana
Subordinate taxa		V. tricolor ssp. tricolor
Web links	Local floras: OR, WA Local Web sites: Flora NW, PNW Herbaria, Turner Photog. WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) USDA Plants Database LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search	Local floras: BC, OR, WA Local Web sites: Flora NW, PNW Herbaria WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) USDA Plants Database LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search

Viola tricolor

desert pansy, 3-nerved violet, sagebrush violet

Johnny jump-up

Habit

Glabrous, somewhat glaucous perennial from short, thick, very deep-seated rhizomes, the stems several, naked below, 5-15 cm. tall.

Variable, glabrous or puberulent, annual or biennial, low or short plant.

Leaves

Leaf blades palmately lobed or compound, the main segments once or twice dissected, the ultimate segments narrowly elliptic, 1.5-4 cm. long;

leaves leathery, prominently 3-nerved on the lower surface;

petioles longer than the blades.

Leaves oval to broadly lanceolate, mostly basal;

stipules leaf-like, pinnately lobed, the end lobe longer.

Flowers

Peduncles exceeding the leaves;

flowers about 1.5 cm. long, usually bicolored, the upper pair deep reddish-violet, the lower 3 pale to deep lilac, with yellowish or whitish base and purple penciling, occasionally all white or all deep purple;

style head hairy.

Flowers 10-25 mm. long, the spur long;

petals violet or yellow or both, longer than the sepals.

Fruits

Fruit a 3-valved capsule, ovary superior, placentation parietal.