Burke: Viola renifolia vs. Viola orbiculata

	Viola renifolia	Viola orbiculata
	kidney-leaf white violet	darkwoods violet, evergreen yellow violet, round-leaved violet
Habit		Glabrous perennial from scaly rhizomes, the aerial stems up to 5 cm. long.
Leaves		Leaves blades nearly orbicular to cordate-ovate, 2-4 cm. broad, thin, often persisting through the winter; petioles 2-10 cm. long; stipules brownish, lanceolate, membranous, mostly entire.
Flowers		Flowers 5-15 mm. long, the spur short, saccate; peduncles exceeding the leaves; petals lemon-yellow to gold, the lower 3 purplish-penciled, the lateral pair yellow-bearded; style head bearded.
Fruits		Fruit a purplish-mottled, 3-valved capsule, ovary superior, placentation parietal, seeds brown.

	Viola renifolia	Viola orbiculata
Flowering time	June-August	May-August
Habitat	Peatlands, riparian zones, swamps, seeps, and damp thickets.	Open woods, middle to high elevations in the mountains.
Distribution	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in the north-central to northeastern counties in Washington; Alaska to northern Washington, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America [WildflowerSearch map] [BONAP county map]	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Alberta, Montana and Wyoming. [WildflowerSearch map] [BONAP county map]
Origin	Native	Native
Conservation status	Not of concern	Not of concern
Sibling taxa	V. adunca, V. arvensis, V. canadensis, V. flettii, V. glabella, V. howellii, V. lanceolata, V. langsdorffii, V. macloskeyi, V. nephrophylla, V. nuttallii, V. odorata, V. orbiculata, V. palustris, V. pluviae, V. purpurea, V. riviniana, V. selkirkii, V. sempervirens, V. sheltonii, V. sororia, V. tricolor, V. trinervata, V. ×wittrockiana	V. adunca, V. arvensis, V. canadensis, V. flettii, V. glabella, V. howellii, V. lanceolata, V. langsdorffii, V. macloskeyi, V. nephrophylla, V. nuttallii, V. odorata, V. palustris, V. pluviae, V. purpurea, V. renifolia, V. riviniana, V. selkirkii, V. sempervirens, V. sheltonii, V. sororia, V. tricolor, V. trinervata, V. ×wittrockiana
Web links	Local floras: BC, WA Local Web sites: Flora NW, PNW Herbaria WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) USDA Plants Database LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search	Local floras: BC, OR, WA Local Web sites: Flora NW, PNW Herbaria, Turner Photog. WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) USDA Plants Database LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search

Viola orbiculata

kidney-leaf white violet

darkwoods violet, evergreen yellow violet, round-leaved violet

Habit

Glabrous perennial from scaly rhizomes, the aerial stems up to 5 cm. long.

Leaves

Leaves blades nearly orbicular to cordate-ovate, 2-4 cm. broad, thin, often persisting through the winter;

petioles 2-10 cm. long;

stipules brownish, lanceolate, membranous, mostly entire.

Flowers

Flowers 5-15 mm. long, the spur short, saccate;

peduncles exceeding the leaves;

petals lemon-yellow to gold, the lower 3 purplish-penciled, the lateral pair yellow-bearded;

style head bearded.

Fruits

Fruit a purplish-mottled, 3-valved capsule, ovary superior, placentation parietal, seeds brown.

Viola orbiculata

Flowering time

June-August

May-August

Habitat

Peatlands, riparian zones, swamps, seeps, and damp thickets.

Open woods, middle to high elevations in the mountains.

Distribution

Occurring east of the Cascades crest in the north-central to northeastern counties in Washington; Alaska to northern Washington, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America

[WildflowerSearch map]

[BONAP county map]