Burke: Viola canadensis vs. Viola nephrophylla

	Viola canadensis	Viola nephrophylla
	Canadian violet, rugose violet	LeConte violet, northern bog violet
Habit	Glabrous to puberulent perennial from short, thick rhizomes, with slender stolons, 1-4 dm. tall.	Glabrous, acaulescent perennial with shallow, fleshy, spreading rhizomes.
Leaves	Leaf blades large, cordate and pointed, the petioles up to 3 dm. long; stipules lanceolate, entire, 1-2 cm. long.	Leaf blades deeply ovate-cordate to cordate-triangular, up to 7 cm. in width, with rounded teeth; petioles 5-25 cm. long; stipules linear-lanceolate, entire.
Flowers	Flowers from the upper portion of the stem, the peduncles shorter than the leaves, the spur short; sepals lanceolate, hairy; petals 1.5 cm. long, white with a yellow base, the 3 lower ones with purple penciling, all purplish tinged on the back; style head sparsely bearded.	Flowers solitary, 10-20 mm. long, on peduncles usually exceeding the leaves; spur short, saccate; petals 5, bluish-violet, the lower 3 whitish at the base, prominently bearded, the upper pair sometimes not bearded; style glabrous.
Fruits	Fruit a 3-valved capsule, ovary superior, placentation parietal, the seeds brownish.	Capsule, 3-valved.

	Viola canadensis	Viola nephrophylla
Flowering time	May-July	May-July
Habitat	Forest openings, riparian zones, and thickets from low to middle elevations.	Moist places, especially in meadows and along streams.
Distribution	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to the Rocky Mountains, further east across North America to the Atlantic Coast. [WildflowerSearch map] [BONAP county map]	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Yukon Territory to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast. [WildflowerSearch map] [BONAP county map]
Origin	Native	Native
Conservation status	Not of concern	Not of concern
Sibling taxa	V. adunca, V. arvensis, V. flettii, V. glabella, V. howellii, V. lanceolata, V. langsdorffii, V. macloskeyi, V. nephrophylla, V. nuttallii, V. odorata, V. orbiculata, V. palustris, V. pluviae, V. purpurea, V. renifolia, V. riviniana, V. selkirkii, V. sempervirens, V. sheltonii, V. sororia, V. tricolor, V. trinervata, V. ×wittrockiana	V. adunca, V. arvensis, V. canadensis, V. flettii, V. glabella, V. howellii, V. lanceolata, V. langsdorffii, V. macloskeyi, V. nuttallii, V. odorata, V. orbiculata, V. palustris, V. pluviae, V. purpurea, V. renifolia, V. riviniana, V. selkirkii, V. sempervirens, V. sheltonii, V. sororia, V. tricolor, V. trinervata, V. ×wittrockiana
Subordinate taxa	V. canadensis var. rugulosa
Web links	Local floras: BC, OR, WA Local Web sites: Flora NW, PNW Herbaria, Turner Photog. WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) USDA Plants Database LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search	Local floras: BC, CA, OR, WA Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos, Flora NW, PNW Herbaria WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) USDA Plants Database LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search

Viola canadensis

Viola nephrophylla

Canadian violet, rugose violet

LeConte violet, northern bog violet

Habit

Glabrous to puberulent perennial from short, thick rhizomes, with slender stolons, 1-4 dm. tall.

Glabrous, acaulescent perennial with shallow, fleshy, spreading rhizomes.

Leaves

Leaf blades large, cordate and pointed, the petioles up to 3 dm. long;

stipules lanceolate, entire, 1-2 cm. long.

Leaf blades deeply ovate-cordate to cordate-triangular, up to 7 cm. in width, with rounded teeth;

petioles 5-25 cm. long;

stipules linear-lanceolate, entire.

Flowers

Flowers from the upper portion of the stem, the peduncles shorter than the leaves, the spur short;

sepals lanceolate, hairy;

petals 1.5 cm. long, white with a yellow base, the 3 lower ones with purple penciling, all purplish tinged on the back;

style head sparsely bearded.

Flowers solitary, 10-20 mm. long, on peduncles usually exceeding the leaves;

spur short, saccate;

petals 5, bluish-violet, the lower 3 whitish at the base, prominently bearded, the upper pair sometimes not bearded;

style glabrous.

Fruits

Fruit a 3-valved capsule, ovary superior, placentation parietal, the seeds brownish.

Capsule, 3-valved.

Viola canadensis

Viola nephrophylla

Flowering time

May-July

Habitat

Forest openings, riparian zones, and thickets from low to middle elevations.

Moist places, especially in meadows and along streams.

Distribution

Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to the Rocky Mountains, further east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.

[WildflowerSearch map]

[BONAP county map]