Burke: Viola bakeri vs. Viola canadensis

	Viola bakeri	Viola canadensis
		Canadian violet, rugose violet
Habit	Perennial from short, erect rhizomes, the stems up to 15 cm. long.	Glabrous to puberulent perennial from short, thick rhizomes, with slender stolons, 1-4 dm. tall.
Leaves	Leaf blades entire, elliptic-lanceolate, tapering to the petiole, 2-5 cm. long; petiole 3-12 cm. long; stipules attached to the petiole, the free portion few-toothed.	Leaf blades large, cordate and pointed, the petioles up to 3 dm. long; stipules lanceolate, entire, 1-2 cm. long.
Flowers	Flowers with peduncles shorter than the leaves; flowers 5-12 mm. long, yellow, the lower 3 penciled with brownish-purple, the lateral pair bearded; style head bearded, rounded.	Flowers from the upper portion of the stem, the peduncles shorter than the leaves, the spur short; sepals lanceolate, hairy; petals 1.5 cm. long, white with a yellow base, the 3 lower ones with purple penciling, all purplish tinged on the back; style head sparsely bearded.
Fruits	a glabrous, 3-valved capsule, ovary superior, placentation parietal.	Fruit a 3-valved capsule, ovary superior, placentation parietal, the seeds brownish.

	Viola bakeri	Viola canadensis
Flowering time	May-July	May-July
Habitat	Moist to dry openings in coniferous forests.	Forest openings, riparian zones, and thickets from low to middle elevations.
Distribution	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington from Mt. Adams south; south-central Washington to California and Nevada. [WildflowerSearch map] [BONAP county map]	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to the Rocky Mountains, further east across North America to the Atlantic Coast. [WildflowerSearch map] [BONAP county map]
Origin	Native	Native
Conservation status	Not of concern	Not of concern
Sibling taxa	V. adunca, V. arvensis, V. canadensis, V. flettii, V. glabella, V. howellii, V. lanceolata, V. langsdorffii, V. macloskeyi, V. nephrophylla, V. nuttallii, V. odorata, V. orbiculata, V. palustris, V. pluviae, V. purpurea, V. renifolia, V. riviniana, V. selkirkii, V. sempervirens, V. sheltonii, V. sororia, V. tricolor, V. trinervata, V. ×wittrockiana	V. adunca, V. arvensis, V. flettii, V. glabella, V. howellii, V. lanceolata, V. langsdorffii, V. macloskeyi, V. nephrophylla, V. nuttallii, V. odorata, V. orbiculata, V. palustris, V. pluviae, V. purpurea, V. renifolia, V. riviniana, V. selkirkii, V. sempervirens, V. sheltonii, V. sororia, V. tricolor, V. trinervata, V. ×wittrockiana
Subordinate taxa		V. canadensis var. rugulosa
Web links	Local floras: CA, OR Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos, Flora NW, PNW Herbaria WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) USDA Plants Database LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search	Local floras: BC, OR, WA Local Web sites: Flora NW, PNW Herbaria, Turner Photog. WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) USDA Plants Database LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search

Viola bakeri

Viola canadensis

Canadian violet, rugose violet

Habit

Perennial from short, erect rhizomes, the stems up to 15 cm. long.

Glabrous to puberulent perennial from short, thick rhizomes, with slender stolons, 1-4 dm. tall.

Leaves

Leaf blades entire, elliptic-lanceolate, tapering to the petiole, 2-5 cm. long;

petiole 3-12 cm. long;

stipules attached to the petiole, the free portion few-toothed.

Leaf blades large, cordate and pointed, the petioles up to 3 dm. long;

stipules lanceolate, entire, 1-2 cm. long.

Flowers

Flowers with peduncles shorter than the leaves;

flowers 5-12 mm. long, yellow, the lower 3 penciled with brownish-purple, the lateral pair bearded;

style head bearded, rounded.

Flowers from the upper portion of the stem, the peduncles shorter than the leaves, the spur short;

sepals lanceolate, hairy;

petals 1.5 cm. long, white with a yellow base, the 3 lower ones with purple penciling, all purplish tinged on the back;

style head sparsely bearded.

Fruits

a glabrous, 3-valved capsule, ovary superior, placentation parietal.

Fruit a 3-valved capsule, ovary superior, placentation parietal, the seeds brownish.

Viola bakeri

Viola canadensis

Flowering time

May-July

Habitat

Moist to dry openings in coniferous forests.

Forest openings, riparian zones, and thickets from low to middle elevations.

Distribution

Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington from Mt. Adams south; south-central Washington to California and Nevada.

[WildflowerSearch map]

[BONAP county map]

Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to the Rocky Mountains, further east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.

[WildflowerSearch map]

[BONAP county map]

Origin

Native

Conservation status

Not of concern

Sibling taxa