Viola arvensis |
Viola sempervirens |
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European field pansy |
evergreen violet, redwood violet |
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Habit | Puberulent, freely-branched annual, 1-3 dm. tall. | Puberulent perennial from scaly rhizomes, with slender, elongate stolons, the aerial stems up two 5 cm. long. |
Leaves | Leaf blades ovate to lanceolate, coarsely round-toothed, 1-3 cm. long, about equaling the petioles; stipules very large, laciniate into 5-9 segments, usually with one leaf-like segment nearly as large as the main blade. |
Leaves blades cordate-lanceolate to cordate-ovate, 1-3 cm. broad, thick and leathery, persisting through the winter; petioles 2-10 cm. long; herbage spotted with tiny purplish blotches; stipules brownish, lanceolate, membranous, mostly entire. |
Flowers | Flowers long-pedunculate, solitary in the leaf axils, whitish or light yellow with a tinge of blue, the spur short; sepals lanceolate, about as long as the petals; style head copiously short-hairy. |
Flowers 5-15 mm. long, the spur short, saccate; peduncles exceeding the leaves; petals lemon-yellow to gold, the lower 3 purplish-penciled, the lateral pair yellow-bearded; style head short-bearded. |
Fruits | Fruit a 3-valved capsule, ovary superior, placentation parieta |
Fruit a purplish-mottled, 3-valved capsule, ovary superior, placentation parietal, seeds brown. |
Viola arvensis |
Viola sempervirens |
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Flowering time | March-June | March-June |
Habitat | Fields, roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed areas where escaping from cultivation. | Moist woods from low to middle elevations in the mountains. |
Distribution | Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
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Occurring west of the Cascades crest and east in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California.
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Origin | Introduced from Europe | Native |
Conservation status | Not of concern | Not of concern |
Sibling taxa | ||
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