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European field pansy

evergreen violet, redwood violet

Habit Puberulent, freely-branched annual, 1-3 dm. tall. Puberulent perennial from scaly rhizomes, with slender, elongate stolons, the aerial stems up two 5 cm. long.
Leaves

Leaf blades ovate to lanceolate, coarsely round-toothed, 1-3 cm. long, about equaling the petioles;

stipules very large, laciniate into 5-9 segments, usually with one leaf-like segment nearly as large as the main blade.

Leaves blades cordate-lanceolate to cordate-ovate, 1-3 cm. broad, thick and leathery, persisting through the winter;

petioles 2-10 cm. long; herbage spotted with tiny purplish blotches;

stipules brownish, lanceolate, membranous, mostly entire.

Flowers

Flowers long-pedunculate, solitary in the leaf axils, whitish or light yellow with a tinge of blue, the spur short;

sepals lanceolate, about as long as the petals;

style head copiously short-hairy.

Flowers 5-15 mm. long, the spur short, saccate;

peduncles exceeding the leaves;

petals lemon-yellow to gold, the lower 3 purplish-penciled, the lateral pair yellow-bearded;

style head short-bearded.

Fruits

Fruit a 3-valved capsule, ovary superior, placentation parieta

Fruit a purplish-mottled, 3-valved capsule, ovary superior, placentation parietal, seeds brown.

Viola arvensis

Viola sempervirens

Flowering time March-June March-June
Habitat Fields, roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed areas where escaping from cultivation. Moist woods from low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Distribution
Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Occurring west of the Cascades crest and east in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California.
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Origin Introduced from Europe Native
Conservation status Not of concern Not of concern
Sibling taxa
V. adunca, V. canadensis, V. flettii, V. glabella, V. howellii, V. lanceolata, V. langsdorffii, V. macloskeyi, V. nephrophylla, V. nuttallii, V. odorata, V. orbiculata, V. palustris, V. pluviae, V. purpurea, V. renifolia, V. riviniana, V. selkirkii, V. sempervirens, V. sheltonii, V. sororia, V. tricolor, V. trinervata, V. ×wittrockiana
V. adunca, V. arvensis, V. canadensis, V. flettii, V. glabella, V. howellii, V. lanceolata, V. langsdorffii, V. macloskeyi, V. nephrophylla, V. nuttallii, V. odorata, V. orbiculata, V. palustris, V. pluviae, V. purpurea, V. renifolia, V. riviniana, V. selkirkii, V. sheltonii, V. sororia, V. tricolor, V. trinervata, V. ×wittrockiana
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