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European field pansy

darkwoods violet, evergreen yellow violet, round-leaved violet

Habit Puberulent, freely-branched annual, 1-3 dm. tall. Glabrous perennial from scaly rhizomes, the aerial stems up to 5 cm. long.
Leaves

Leaf blades ovate to lanceolate, coarsely round-toothed, 1-3 cm. long, about equaling the petioles;

stipules very large, laciniate into 5-9 segments, usually with one leaf-like segment nearly as large as the main blade.

Leaves blades nearly orbicular to cordate-ovate, 2-4 cm. broad, thin, often persisting through the winter;

petioles 2-10 cm. long;

stipules brownish, lanceolate, membranous, mostly entire.

Flowers

Flowers long-pedunculate, solitary in the leaf axils, whitish or light yellow with a tinge of blue, the spur short;

sepals lanceolate, about as long as the petals;

style head copiously short-hairy.

Flowers 5-15 mm. long, the spur short, saccate;

peduncles exceeding the leaves;

petals lemon-yellow to gold, the lower 3 purplish-penciled, the lateral pair yellow-bearded;

style head bearded.

Fruits

Fruit a 3-valved capsule, ovary superior, placentation parieta

Fruit a purplish-mottled, 3-valved capsule, ovary superior, placentation parietal, seeds brown.

Viola arvensis

Viola orbiculata

Flowering time March-June May-August
Habitat Fields, roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed areas where escaping from cultivation. Open woods, middle to high elevations in the mountains.
Distribution
Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Alberta, Montana and Wyoming.
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Origin Introduced from Europe Native
Conservation status Not of concern Not of concern
Sibling taxa
V. adunca, V. canadensis, V. flettii, V. glabella, V. howellii, V. lanceolata, V. langsdorffii, V. macloskeyi, V. nephrophylla, V. nuttallii, V. odorata, V. orbiculata, V. palustris, V. pluviae, V. purpurea, V. renifolia, V. riviniana, V. selkirkii, V. sempervirens, V. sheltonii, V. sororia, V. tricolor, V. trinervata, V. ×wittrockiana
V. adunca, V. arvensis, V. canadensis, V. flettii, V. glabella, V. howellii, V. lanceolata, V. langsdorffii, V. macloskeyi, V. nephrophylla, V. nuttallii, V. odorata, V. palustris, V. pluviae, V. purpurea, V. renifolia, V. riviniana, V. selkirkii, V. sempervirens, V. sheltonii, V. sororia, V. tricolor, V. trinervata, V. ×wittrockiana
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