Viola arvensis |
Viola glabella |
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European field pansy |
pioneer violet, stream violet |
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Habit | Puberulent, freely-branched annual, 1-3 dm. tall. | Puberulent perennial from widely spreading, scaly, fleshy rhizomes, the flowering stems 5-30 cm. tall, leafless the lower two-thirds. |
Leaves | Leaf blades ovate to lanceolate, coarsely round-toothed, 1-3 cm. long, about equaling the petioles; stipules very large, laciniate into 5-9 segments, usually with one leaf-like segment nearly as large as the main blade. |
Leaf blades ovate-cordate to reniform, abruptly pointed, the basal leaves with petioles 10-20 cm. long; stipules membranous, ovate to obovate, 5-10 mm. long, entire. |
Flowers | Flowers long-pedunculate, solitary in the leaf axils, whitish or light yellow with a tinge of blue, the spur short; sepals lanceolate, about as long as the petals; style head copiously short-hairy. |
Flowers 8-14 mm. long, borne chiefly on the upper part of the stem, on peduncles about as long as the leaves; spur very short; petals clear yellow, the lower 3 with purple penciling, the lateral pair well bearded; style head copiously bearded. |
Fruits | Fruit a 3-valved capsule, ovary superior, placentation parieta |
Fruit a 3-valved capsule, ovary superior, placentation parietal, seeds brown. |
Viola arvensis |
Viola glabella |
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Flowering time | March-June | March-July |
Habitat | Fields, roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed areas where escaping from cultivation. | Moist woods and stream banks, low to middle elevations in the mountains. |
Distribution | Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
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Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Alberta and Montana.
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Origin | Introduced from Europe | Native |
Conservation status | Not of concern | Not of concern |
Sibling taxa | ||
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