Viola arvensis |
Viola canadensis |
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European field pansy |
Canadian violet, rugose violet |
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Habit | Puberulent, freely-branched annual, 1-3 dm. tall. | Glabrous to puberulent perennial from short, thick rhizomes, with slender stolons, 1-4 dm. tall. |
Leaves | Leaf blades ovate to lanceolate, coarsely round-toothed, 1-3 cm. long, about equaling the petioles; stipules very large, laciniate into 5-9 segments, usually with one leaf-like segment nearly as large as the main blade. |
Leaf blades large, cordate and pointed, the petioles up to 3 dm. long; stipules lanceolate, entire, 1-2 cm. long. |
Flowers | Flowers long-pedunculate, solitary in the leaf axils, whitish or light yellow with a tinge of blue, the spur short; sepals lanceolate, about as long as the petals; style head copiously short-hairy. |
Flowers from the upper portion of the stem, the peduncles shorter than the leaves, the spur short; sepals lanceolate, hairy; petals 1.5 cm. long, white with a yellow base, the 3 lower ones with purple penciling, all purplish tinged on the back; style head sparsely bearded. |
Fruits | Fruit a 3-valved capsule, ovary superior, placentation parieta |
Fruit a 3-valved capsule, ovary superior, placentation parietal, the seeds brownish. |
Viola arvensis |
Viola canadensis |
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Flowering time | March-June | May-July |
Habitat | Fields, roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed areas where escaping from cultivation. | Forest openings, riparian zones, and thickets from low to middle elevations. |
Distribution | Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
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Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to the Rocky Mountains, further east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
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Origin | Introduced from Europe | Native |
Conservation status | Not of concern | Not of concern |
Sibling taxa | ||
Subordinate taxa | ||
Web links |
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