Viola arvensis |
Viola adunca |
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European field pansy |
early blue violet, wild dog violet |
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Habit | Puberulent, freely-branched annual, 1-3 dm. tall. | Glabrous to densely puberulent perennial from slender rhizomes, from stemless to 10 cm. tall. |
Leaves | Leaf blades ovate to lanceolate, coarsely round-toothed, 1-3 cm. long, about equaling the petioles; stipules very large, laciniate into 5-9 segments, usually with one leaf-like segment nearly as large as the main blade. |
Leaves short- to long-petiolate, the blade cordate-ovate to lance-ovate, with fine, rounded teeth, 1-3 cm. long; stipules liner-lanceolate, 3-10 mm. long, entire to remotely slender-toothed. |
Flowers | Flowers long-pedunculate, solitary in the leaf axils, whitish or light yellow with a tinge of blue, the spur short; sepals lanceolate, about as long as the petals; style head copiously short-hairy. |
Flowers 5-15 mm. long, the spur on the lowest petal slender, over half the length of the petal; petals blue to deep violet, the lower three with a whitish base penciled in violet, the lateral pair white-bearded; style head bearded with thick hairs. Some flowers also cleistogamous (do not open up but do self-pollinate and produce seed). |
Fruits | Fruit a 3-valved capsule, ovary superior, placentation parieta |
Fruit a 3-valved capsule, ovary superior, placentation parietal. |
Viola arvensis |
Viola adunca |
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Flowering time | March-June | April-August |
Habitat | Fields, roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed areas where escaping from cultivation. | Dry to moist meadows and open woods, from the lowlands to subalpine areas. |
Distribution | Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
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Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
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Origin | Introduced from Europe | Native |
Conservation status | Not of concern | Not of concern |
Sibling taxa | ||
Web links |
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