Burke: Veronica filiformis vs. Veronica arvensis

	Veronica filiformis	Veronica arvensis
	thread-stalk speedwell	corn speedwell, wall speedwell
Habit	Mat-forming perennial, the stems 1-4 dm. long, lax, simple or branched below, loosely ascending, often rooting at the lower nodes.	Taprooted annual, somewhat hairy below and puberulent above, the stem erect to nearly prostrate, 0.5-3 dm. long, simple or branched below.
Leaves	Principal leaves opposite, short-petiolate, the blade broadly elliptic to nearly orbicular, cordate based, with short, broad teeth, 1-2 cm. long and three-fourths or more as wide.	Leaves opposite, ovate to broadly elliptic, 1.5-2.5 cm. long and half as wide to nearly as wide as long, with rounded serrations, the lower short-petiolate, the upper sessile.
Flowers	Flowers single on long pedicels (up to 6 cm. in fruit) along an elongate stem, each subtended by a leaf-like, alternate bract, which are reduced upward; sepals 4, prominent, often veiny; corolla bluish-lavender, 5-11 mm. wide, rotate, 4-lobed; the upper lobe the largest; style 1.5-2.5 mm. long; stamens 2.	Inflorescence a terminal, bracteate, condensed or elongate, spike-like raceme; bracts alternate, narrower than the leaves, each subtending a single flower; calyx of 4 sepals; corolla blue-violet, 2-2.5 mm. wide, rotate, 4-lobed, the upper lobe the largest; pedicels 1-2 mm. long; style 0.4-1 mm. long; stamens 2.
Fruits	Capsule 5-9 mm. wide and 3-5 mm. high.	Capsule 3 mm. high, obcordate.

	Veronica filiformis	Veronica arvensis
Flowering time	April-June	April-September
Habitat	Weed of lawns and gardens	Disturbed ground, gardens and roadsides
Distribution	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, also in eastern North America. [WildflowerSearch map] [BONAP county map]	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America. [WildflowerSearch map] [BONAP county map]
Origin	Introduced from Eurasia	Introduced from Eurasia
Conservation status	Not of concern	Not of concern
Sibling taxa	V. americana, V. anagallis-aquatica, V. argute-serrata, V. arvensis, V. catenata, V. chamaedrys, V. cusickii, V. dissecta, V. hederifolia, V. ×lackschewitzii, V. longifolia, V. missurica, V. officinalis, V. peregrina, V. persica, V. polita, V. regina-nivalis, V. rubra, V. schizantha, V. scutellata, V. serpyllifolia, V. triphyllos, V. verna, V. wormskjoldii	V. americana, V. anagallis-aquatica, V. argute-serrata, V. catenata, V. chamaedrys, V. cusickii, V. dissecta, V. filiformis, V. hederifolia, V. ×lackschewitzii, V. longifolia, V. missurica, V. officinalis, V. peregrina, V. persica, V. polita, V. regina-nivalis, V. rubra, V. schizantha, V. scutellata, V. serpyllifolia, V. triphyllos, V. verna, V. wormskjoldii
Web links	Local floras: BC, OR, WA Local Web sites: Flora NW, PNW Herbaria WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) USDA Plants Database LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search	Local floras: BC, CA, OR, WA Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos, Flora NW, PNW Herbaria WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) USDA Plants Database LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search

Veronica filiformis

Veronica arvensis

thread-stalk speedwell

corn speedwell, wall speedwell

Habit

Mat-forming perennial, the stems 1-4 dm. long, lax, simple or branched below, loosely ascending, often rooting at the lower nodes.

Taprooted annual, somewhat hairy below and puberulent above, the stem erect to nearly prostrate, 0.5-3 dm. long, simple or branched below.

Leaves

Principal leaves opposite, short-petiolate, the blade broadly elliptic to nearly orbicular, cordate based, with short, broad teeth, 1-2 cm. long and three-fourths or more as wide.

Leaves opposite, ovate to broadly elliptic, 1.5-2.5 cm. long and half as wide to nearly as wide as long, with rounded serrations, the lower short-petiolate, the upper sessile.

Flowers

Flowers single on long pedicels (up to 6 cm. in fruit) along an elongate stem, each subtended by a leaf-like, alternate bract, which are reduced upward;

sepals 4, prominent, often veiny;

corolla bluish-lavender, 5-11 mm. wide, rotate, 4-lobed; the upper lobe the largest;

style 1.5-2.5 mm. long;

stamens 2.

Inflorescence a terminal, bracteate, condensed or elongate, spike-like raceme;

bracts alternate, narrower than the leaves, each subtending a single flower;

calyx of 4 sepals;

corolla blue-violet, 2-2.5 mm. wide, rotate, 4-lobed, the upper lobe the largest;

pedicels 1-2 mm. long;

style 0.4-1 mm. long;

stamens 2.

Fruits