Burke: Veronica arvensis vs. Veronica catenata

	Veronica arvensis	Veronica catenata
	corn speedwell, wall speedwell	chain speedwell
Habit	Taprooted annual, somewhat hairy below and puberulent above, the stem erect to nearly prostrate, 0.5-3 dm. long, simple or branched below.	Glabrous, short-lived perennial from fibrous roots, the stems usually erect, 2-10 dm. tall.
Leaves	Leaves opposite, ovate to broadly elliptic, 1.5-2.5 cm. long and half as wide to nearly as wide as long, with rounded serrations, the lower short-petiolate, the upper sessile.	Leaves opposite, sessile and clasping, elliptic-ovate to elliptic-oblong, 3-5 times as long as wide, entire.
Flowers	Inflorescence a terminal, bracteate, condensed or elongate, spike-like raceme; bracts alternate, narrower than the leaves, each subtending a single flower; calyx of 4 sepals; corolla blue-violet, 2-2.5 mm. wide, rotate, 4-lobed, the upper lobe the largest; pedicels 1-2 mm. long; style 0.4-1 mm. long; stamens 2.	Inflorescence of few-flowered racemes on long peduncles arising in the leaf axils; calyx of 4 broad, blunt sepals; corolla white to pink, rotate, 4-lobed, the upper lobe the largest, about 5 mm. wide; style 1.5-2.5 mm. long; pedicels spreading, 3-8 mm. long; stamens 2.
Fruits	Capsule 3 mm. high, obcordate.	swollen, 2.5-4 mm. high and a little wider, shallowly notched.

	Veronica arvensis	Veronica catenata
Flowering time	April-September	June-August
Habitat	Disturbed ground, gardens and roadsides	Slow-moving streams and ditches.
Distribution	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America. [WildflowerSearch map] [BONAP county map]	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast. [WildflowerSearch map]
Origin	Introduced from Eurasia	Native
Conservation status	Not of concern	Not of concern
Sibling taxa	V. americana, V. anagallis-aquatica, V. argute-serrata, V. catenata, V. chamaedrys, V. cusickii, V. dissecta, V. filiformis, V. hederifolia, V. ×lackschewitzii, V. longifolia, V. missurica, V. officinalis, V. peregrina, V. persica, V. polita, V. regina-nivalis, V. rubra, V. schizantha, V. scutellata, V. serpyllifolia, V. triphyllos, V. verna, V. wormskjoldii	V. americana, V. anagallis-aquatica, V. argute-serrata, V. arvensis, V. chamaedrys, V. cusickii, V. dissecta, V. filiformis, V. hederifolia, V. ×lackschewitzii, V. longifolia, V. missurica, V. officinalis, V. peregrina, V. persica, V. polita, V. regina-nivalis, V. rubra, V. schizantha, V. scutellata, V. serpyllifolia, V. triphyllos, V. verna, V. wormskjoldii
Web links	Local floras: BC, CA, OR, WA Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos, Flora NW, PNW Herbaria WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) USDA Plants Database LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search	Local floras: BC, CA, OR, WA Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos, Flora NW, PNW Herbaria WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) USDA Plants Database LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search

Veronica arvensis

Veronica catenata

corn speedwell, wall speedwell

chain speedwell

Habit

Taprooted annual, somewhat hairy below and puberulent above, the stem erect to nearly prostrate, 0.5-3 dm. long, simple or branched below.

Glabrous, short-lived perennial from fibrous roots, the stems usually erect, 2-10 dm. tall.

Leaves

Leaves opposite, ovate to broadly elliptic, 1.5-2.5 cm. long and half as wide to nearly as wide as long, with rounded serrations, the lower short-petiolate, the upper sessile.

Leaves opposite, sessile and clasping, elliptic-ovate to elliptic-oblong, 3-5 times as long as wide, entire.

Flowers

Inflorescence a terminal, bracteate, condensed or elongate, spike-like raceme;

bracts alternate, narrower than the leaves, each subtending a single flower;

calyx of 4 sepals;

corolla blue-violet, 2-2.5 mm. wide, rotate, 4-lobed, the upper lobe the largest;

pedicels 1-2 mm. long;

style 0.4-1 mm. long;

stamens 2.

Inflorescence of few-flowered racemes on long peduncles arising in the leaf axils;

calyx of 4 broad, blunt sepals;

corolla white to pink, rotate, 4-lobed, the upper lobe the largest, about 5 mm. wide;