Burke: Rubus bartonianus vs. Rubus leucodermis

	Rubus bartonianus	Rubus leucodermis
		blackcap raspberry, dark raspberry, whitebark raspberry
Habit		Well-armed, deciduous perennial with erect to arching, glaucous stems, 1-3 m. long, the prickles numerous, stout, hooked, up to 6 mm. long.
Leaves		Leaf blades trifoliate, greenish and glabrous above and white-woolly beneath, the leaflets ovate-lanceolate, 1.5-8 cm. long, irregularly doubly-serrate, or shallowly lobed and doubly-serrate.
Flowers		Flowers 2-7 in an umbel-like raceme, the pedicels woolly and prickly; calyx wooly and glandular, the 5 segments narrowly lanceolate and pointed, reflexed; petals 5, white, spatulate, shorter than the sepals; stamens 70-100, glabrous; pistils numerous.
Fruits		Drupelets coherent, coming free from the receptacle, reddish-purple to black, the fruit up to 12 mm. broad.

	Rubus bartonianus	Rubus leucodermis
Flowering time		April-July
Habitat		Thickets, forest edge and openings, fields, and hillsides from low to middle elevations.
Distribution	[WildflowerSearch map] [BONAP county map]	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to southern California, east to the Rocky Mountains. [WildflowerSearch map] [BONAP county map]
Origin		Native
Conservation status		Not of concern
Sibling taxa	R. allegheniensis, R. arcticus, R. bifrons, R. idaeus, R. laciniatus, R. lasiococcus, R. leucodermis, R. nigerrimus, R. nivalis, R. parviflorus, R. pedatus, R. pensilvanicus, R. pubescens, R. spectabilis, R. ulmifolius, R. ursinus, R. vestitus	R. allegheniensis, R. arcticus, R. bifrons, R. idaeus, R. laciniatus, R. lasiococcus, R. nigerrimus, R. nivalis, R. parviflorus, R. pedatus, R. pensilvanicus, R. pubescens, R. spectabilis, R. ulmifolius, R. ursinus, R. vestitus
Web links	Local floras: OR Local Web sites: Flora NW, PNW Herbaria WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) USDA Plants Database LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search	Local floras: BC, CA, OR, WA Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos, Flora NW, PNW Herbaria, Turner Photog. WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) USDA Plants Database LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search

Rubus bartonianus

Rubus leucodermis

blackcap raspberry, dark raspberry, whitebark raspberry

Habit

Well-armed, deciduous perennial with erect to arching, glaucous stems, 1-3 m. long, the prickles numerous, stout, hooked, up to 6 mm. long.

Leaves

Leaf blades trifoliate, greenish and glabrous above and white-woolly beneath, the leaflets ovate-lanceolate, 1.5-8 cm. long, irregularly doubly-serrate, or shallowly lobed and doubly-serrate.

Flowers

Flowers 2-7 in an umbel-like raceme, the pedicels woolly and prickly;

calyx wooly and glandular, the 5 segments narrowly lanceolate and pointed, reflexed;

petals 5, white, spatulate, shorter than the sepals;

stamens 70-100, glabrous;

pistils numerous.

Fruits

Drupelets coherent, coming free from the receptacle, reddish-purple to black, the fruit up to 12 mm. broad.