Burke: Erythranthe tilingii vs. Erythranthe arvensis

	Erythranthe tilingii	Erythranthe arvensis
		field monkey-flower
Habit	Mat-forming perennial from well-developed, creeping rhizomes, often with stolons as well, the stems 0.5-2 dm. tall, mostly glabrous.	Annuals with fibrous roots or taproots, sometimes rooting at nodes near base if decumbent; stems 5-70 cm, erect to decumbent-ascending, unbranched or branching at medial to proximal nodes, generally with 4 angles, hollow or very narrow, glabrous, sometimes with coarse and stiff pubescence in inflorescence, hairs without glands bending backwards.
Leaves	Leaves opposite, mostly sessile, the blade under 2.5 cm. long, elliptic to ovate, slightly reduced upward, with a few irregular teeth, sub-palmately veined.	Leaves basal and cauline, or basal leaves may not persist, mid-stem or higher leaves often largest and becoming smaller distally; petiolate, petioles 3-20, distally sessile; blade ovate to orbicular to oblong, middle and distal cauline leaves may be orbicular to nearly reniform, generally 10-35 mm long and 6 to 26 broad, 3-5 palmately-arranged veins, earlobe-like appendages near base, base rounded to truncate to slightly cordate, margins distinctly toothed to nearly entire, larger plants show lower leaves lacerate lobed to pinnatifid margin bases, apex rounded, surfaces glabrous except bracts densely villous beneath and occasionally above, long eglandular hairs flattened and sometimes transparent.
Flowers	Flowers few, solitary in the leaf axils, on long pedicels; calyx 5-toothed, irregular, the upper tooth much the largest, the 2 lower ones tending to fold upward; corolla large for the size of the plant, 2-4 cm. long, strongly bilabiate, with flaring throat, yellow with maroon dots or splotches on the pubescent lower lip; stamens 4.	Axillary flowers generally 3-8, emerging from distal-most nodes; fruiting pedicels eglandular and smooth, longer than subtending leaves, typically 5-40 mm; calyx sometimes with red dots, ovate to campanulate, inflated, compressed along sagittal plane, 9-14 mm, slightly hirtellous, throat sometimes closed or open, lobes curving upward weakly, top lobe not significantly longer than lower lobe, not distinctly curved; corollas yellow, commonly with red spots, weak bilateral symmetry or near radial symmetry, slightly bilabiate or almost regular; tube-throat cylindric to funnel-shaped, 8-12 mm, protruding 1-2 mm past calyx margin; limb expanded 5-10 mm; styles glabrous; anthers not protruding, glabrous.
Fruit(s)	Capsule.	Capsules 6-7 mm, included, stalked.

	Erythranthe tilingii	Erythranthe arvensis
Flowering time	July-September	May-July
Habitat	Wet meadows and wet, rocky slopes at high elevations in the mountains.	Open slopes and stream bank.;
Distribution	In the Cascade and Olympic Mountains of Washington; Alaska south to California, east to Montana, Colorado and New Mexico. [WildflowerSearch map]	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to southern Idaho, Utah, and Nevada, disjunct in west-central Montana. [WildflowerSearch map]
Origin		Native
Conservation status	Not of concern	Not of concern
Sibling taxa	E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. arvensis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. cardinalis, E. decora, E. dentata, E. floribunda, E. grandis, E. guttata, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. lewisii, E. microphylla, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. patula, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. scouleri, E. suksdorfii, E. washingtonensis	E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. cardinalis, E. decora, E. dentata, E. floribunda, E. grandis, E. guttata, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. lewisii, E. microphylla, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. patula, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. scouleri, E. suksdorfii, E. washingtonensis
Web links	Local floras: BC, CA, OR Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos, Flora NW, PNW Herbaria WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search	Local floras: BC, CA, OR, WA Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos, Flora NW, PNW Herbaria WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search

Erythranthe arvensis

field monkey-flower

Habit

Mat-forming perennial from well-developed, creeping rhizomes, often with stolons as well, the stems 0.5-2 dm. tall, mostly glabrous.

Annuals with fibrous roots or taproots, sometimes rooting at nodes near base if decumbent; stems 5-70 cm, erect to decumbent-ascending, unbranched or branching at medial to proximal nodes, generally with 4 angles, hollow or very narrow, glabrous, sometimes with coarse and stiff pubescence in inflorescence, hairs without glands bending backwards.

Leaves

Leaves opposite, mostly sessile, the blade under 2.5 cm. long, elliptic to ovate, slightly reduced upward, with a few irregular teeth, sub-palmately veined.

Leaves basal and cauline, or basal leaves may not persist, mid-stem or higher leaves often largest and becoming smaller distally; petiolate, petioles 3-20, distally sessile;

blade ovate to orbicular to oblong, middle and distal cauline leaves may be orbicular to nearly reniform, generally 10-35 mm long and 6 to 26 broad, 3-5 palmately-arranged veins, earlobe-like appendages near base, base rounded to truncate to slightly cordate, margins distinctly toothed to nearly entire, larger plants show lower leaves lacerate lobed to pinnatifid margin bases, apex rounded, surfaces glabrous except bracts densely villous beneath and occasionally above, long eglandular hairs flattened and sometimes transparent.

Flowers

Flowers few, solitary in the leaf axils, on long pedicels;

calyx 5-toothed, irregular, the upper tooth much the largest, the 2 lower ones tending to fold upward;

corolla large for the size of the plant, 2-4 cm. long, strongly bilabiate, with flaring throat, yellow with maroon dots or splotches on the pubescent lower lip;

stamens 4.

Axillary flowers generally 3-8, emerging from distal-most nodes; fruiting pedicels eglandular and smooth, longer than subtending leaves, typically 5-40 mm;

calyx sometimes with red dots, ovate to campanulate, inflated, compressed along sagittal plane, 9-14 mm, slightly hirtellous, throat sometimes closed or open, lobes curving upward weakly, top lobe not significantly longer than lower lobe, not distinctly curved;

corollas yellow, commonly with red spots, weak bilateral symmetry or near radial symmetry, slightly bilabiate or almost regular;

tube-throat cylindric to funnel-shaped, 8-12 mm, protruding 1-2 mm past calyx margin;

limb expanded 5-10 mm;

styles glabrous;

anthers not protruding, glabrous.

Fruit(s)

Capsule.

Capsules 6-7 mm, included, stalked.

Erythranthe tilingii

Erythranthe arvensis

Flowering time

July-September

May-July

Habitat

Wet meadows and wet, rocky slopes at high elevations in the mountains.

Open slopes and stream bank.;

Distribution

In the Cascade and Olympic Mountains of Washington; Alaska south to California, east to Montana, Colorado and New Mexico.

[WildflowerSearch map]

Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to southern Idaho, Utah, and Nevada, disjunct in west-central Montana.

[WildflowerSearch map]

Origin

Native

Conservation status

Not of concern

Sibling taxa