Carduus pycnocephalus |
Carduus acanthoides |
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Italian plumeless thistle |
plumeless thistle, spiny plumeless thistle |
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Habit | Annuals, 20-200 cm in total height, stems simple to openly branched, loosely tomentose with fine single-celled hairs and sessile growths with curled, septate hairs; teeth of wings up to 10 mm, wing spines to 20 mm. | Biennial herb 3-15 dm. tall, the stem tough and strongly spiny. |
Leaves | Basal leaves tapering to winged petioles, blades 10–25 cm, margins pinnately 2 to 5 lobed, abaxial faces ± tomentose, adaxial faces tomentose and pilose, often glabrate; cauline leaves sessile, shorter, margins less divided than basal, distally reduced to bracts. |
Leaves deeply lobed to pinnatifid, up to 25 cm. long and 8 cm. wide, the midrib beneath covered with long, soft hairs. |
Flowers | Heads borne singly or clustered in tight groups of 2-5, heads at ends of branches and sometimes in upper axils, sessile or short-pedunculate, 20–25 mm; peduncles winged throughout or unwinged, 0–2 cm long, tomentose; involucres cylindric to ellipsoid, 17–22 mm diameter; phyllaries linear to lanceolate, with appressed loosely tomentose bases, 2–3 mm wide and ascending, linear appendages 0.5–1.5 mm wide, not scarious, distally scabrous on midribs and margins, spine tips 1–3 mm, inner straight and erect, with unarmed or minutely armed tips; Corollas purple, dark purple, or pink, 14–16 mm long tube; lobes 3 times longer than throat. |
Heads clustered or solitary at the ends of the branches, erect, the disk mostly 1.5-2.5 cm. wide; involucre bracts narrow, under 2 mm. wide, erect, the middle and outer bracts spine-tipped, the inner softer and scarcely spiny; flowers purple; pappus capillary, not plumose. |
Fruit(s) | Cypselae ellipsoid, golden to brown, 4–6 mm, finely 20-nerved; pappus bristles 15–20 mm. |
Achenes glabrous. |
Carduus pycnocephalus |
Carduus acanthoides |
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Flowering time | June-July | July-October |
Habitat | Disturbed, open areas at low elevation. | Roadsides, fields, ditches, and other disturbed, open areas. |
Distribution | Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington, where known only from Clallam County; Washington to California and Idaho, also in central and eastern U.S.
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Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northeastern Washington; British Columbia to Washington, also in California, east to the northern Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, and eastern North America.
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Origin | Introduced from Europe | Introduced from Europe |
Conservation status | Not of concern | Not of concern |
Sibling taxa | ||
Subordinate taxa | ||
Web links |
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