Toxicoscordion venenosum(synonym of Zigadenus venenosus) |
Toxicoscordion paniculatum(synonym of Zigadenus paniculatus) |
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meadow death camas, poison camas |
foothill death camas, panicled death camas, panicled zigadenus |
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Habit | Plants 20–70 cm tall. | Plants 20–70 cm tall. |
Bulbs | not clumped, tunicate, widely ovate, 10–30 × 8–20 mm; outer layer brown. |
not clumped; ovoid, tunicate; (18)30–50 × 8–30(35)mm; outer layer dark brown to black. |
Stems | glabrous. |
glabrous. |
Leaves | 12–50 cm × 2–10 mm. |
(15)20–45 cm × (3)6–15 mm. |
Inflorescences | generally racemes, occasionally panicles, 10–50-flowered, 2–20 × 2–5 cm; branches less than 33% length of entire inflorescence; at 10–60° from main axis when fruiting; bracts 5–25 mm long, white to green; pedicels 3–25 mm. |
narrow panic les, 10–80-flowered, 10–30 cm; proximal branches less than half the length of entire inflorescence, spreading at 10–60° from main axis when fruiting; bracts 5–15 mm long, green; pedicels 3–25 mm. |
Flowers | bisexual, campanulate 5–10 mm in diameter; tepals ovate to obtuse, 2–6 × 1–3 mm; outer and inner tepals clawed, persistent in fruit; gland greenish yellow. |
either bisexual or whole branches of sterile or staminate flowers, 5–10 mm in diameter; tepals ovate, 2–6 × 1–5 mm; outer tepals not clawed; inner tepals clawed, persistent in fruit; gland greenish yellow. |
Fruits | cylindrical 8–14 × 4–5 mm. |
cylindrical, 5–20 × 3–8 mm. |
2n | =22. |
=22. |
Toxicoscordion venenosum |
Toxicoscordion paniculatum |
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Distribution | ||
Discussion | Moist meadows to dry rocky hillsides. Flowering Apr–Jul. 0–2600m. All ecoregions except Est. CA, ID, NV, WA; north to British Columbia, east to UT. Native. |
Dry sagebrush scrubs, conifer forests. Flowering Apr–Jul. 400–2500 m. BR, BW, Col, ECas, Lava, Owy, Sisk. CA, ID, NV, WA; northeast to MT, southeast to NM. Native. |
Source | Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 314 Tamra Prior |
Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 313 Tamra Prior |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Toxicoscordion venenosum var. gramineum, Zigadenus venenosus, Toxicoscordion venenosum var. venenosum, Zigadenus venenosus var. gramineus, Zigadenus venenosus var. venenosus, Zygadenus venenosus, Zygadenus venenosus var. venenosus | Zigadenus paniculatus |
Web links |