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meadow death camas, poison camas

foothill death camas, panicled death camas, panicled zigadenus

Habit Plants 20–70 cm tall. Plants 20–70 cm tall.
Bulbs

not clumped, tunicate, widely ovate, 10–30 × 8–20 mm; outer layer brown.

not clumped; ovoid, tunicate; (18)30–50 × 8–30(35)mm; outer layer dark brown to black.

Stems

glabrous.

glabrous.

Leaves

12–50 cm × 2–10 mm.

(15)20–45 cm × (3)6–15 mm.

Inflorescences

generally racemes, occasionally panicles, 10–50-flowered, 2–20 × 2–5 cm;

branches less than 33% length of entire inflorescence; at 10–60° from main axis when fruiting;

bracts 5–25 mm long, white to green;

pedicels 3–25 mm.

narrow panic les, 10–80-flowered, 10–30 cm;

proximal branches less than half the length of entire inflorescence, spreading at 10–60° from main axis when fruiting;

bracts 5–15 mm long, green;

pedicels 3–25 mm.

Flowers

bisexual, campanulate 5–10 mm in diameter;

tepals ovate to obtuse, 2–6 × 1–3 mm; outer and inner tepals clawed, persistent in fruit;

gland greenish yellow.

either bisexual or whole branches of sterile or staminate flowers, 5–10 mm in diameter;

tepals ovate, 2–6 × 1–5 mm;

outer tepals not clawed;

inner tepals clawed, persistent in fruit;

gland greenish yellow.

Fruits

cylindrical 8–14 × 4–5 mm.

cylindrical, 5–20 × 3–8 mm.

2n

=22.

=22.

Toxicoscordion venenosum

Toxicoscordion paniculatum

Distribution
[WildflowerSearch map]
[WildflowerSearch map]
Discussion

Moist meadows to dry rocky hillsides. Flowering Apr–Jul. 0–2600m. All ecoregions except Est. CA, ID, NV, WA; north to British Columbia, east to UT. Native.

Dry sagebrush scrubs, conifer forests. Flowering Apr–Jul. 400–2500 m. BR, BW, Col, ECas, Lava, Owy, Sisk. CA, ID, NV, WA; northeast to MT, southeast to NM. Native.

Source Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 314
Tamra Prior
Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 313
Tamra Prior
Sibling taxa
T. exaltatum, T. fremontii, T. micranthum, T. paniculatum, T. venenosum
T. exaltatum, T. fremontii, T. micranthum, T. paniculatum, T. venenosum
Synonyms Toxicoscordion venenosum var. gramineum, Zigadenus venenosus, Toxicoscordion venenosum var. venenosum, Zigadenus venenosus var. gramineus, Zigadenus venenosus var. venenosus, Zygadenus venenosus, Zygadenus venenosus var. venenosus Zigadenus paniculatus
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