Toxicoscordion venenosum(synonym of Zigadenus venenosus) |
Toxicoscordion exaltatum(synonym of Zigadenus exaltatus) |
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meadow death camas, poison camas |
giant zigadenus |
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Habit | Plants 20–70 cm tall. | Plants 30–100 cm tall. |
Bulbs | not clumped, tunicate, widely ovate, 10–30 × 8–20 mm; outer layer brown. |
clumped; ovoid, 2–6 × 2–5 cm; outer layer dark brown. |
Stems | glabrous. |
glabrous. |
Leaves | 12–50 cm × 2–10 mm. |
20–60 cm × 5–30 mm. |
Inflorescences | generally racemes, occasionally panicles, 10–50-flowered, 2–20 × 2–5 cm; branches less than 33% length of entire inflorescence; at 10–60° from main axis when fruiting; bracts 5–25 mm long, white to green; pedicels 3–25 mm. |
panicles; open, 10–80-flowered, 15–40 cm; bracts 3–25 mm long, green to white-membranous; pedicels 10–40 mm. |
Flowers | bisexual, campanulate 5–10 mm in diameter; tepals ovate to obtuse, 2–6 × 1–3 mm; outer and inner tepals clawed, persistent in fruit; gland greenish yellow. |
mostly bisexual; those on lower branches staminate or with stunted ovary, 10-20 mm in diameter; tepals ovate to elliptic or obtuse, 5–12 × 2–5 mm; outer set not clawed, often persistently reflexed when fruiting; inner set clawed, 1–2 mm; gland yellow to greenish yellow. |
Fruits | cylindrical 8–14 × 4–5 mm. |
oblong; (9)10–20(25) × 4–9 mm. |
2n | =22. |
=22. |
Toxicoscordion venenosum |
Toxicoscordion exaltatum |
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Distribution | ||
Discussion | Moist meadows to dry rocky hillsides. Flowering Apr–Jul. 0–2600m. All ecoregions except Est. CA, ID, NV, WA; north to British Columbia, east to UT. Native. |
Meadows, wooded slopes. Flowering Jun. 900–1400m. Sisk. CA, NV. Native. |
Source | Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 314 Tamra Prior |
Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 313 Tamra Prior |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Toxicoscordion venenosum var. gramineum, Zigadenus venenosus, Toxicoscordion venenosum var. venenosum, Zigadenus venenosus var. gramineus, Zigadenus venenosus var. venenosus, Zygadenus venenosus, Zygadenus venenosus var. venenosus | Zigadenus exaltatus |
Web links |