Toxicoscordion venenosum(synonym of Zigadenus venenosus) |
Liliaceae |
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meadow death camas, poison camas |
lily family |
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Habit | Plants 20–70 cm tall. | Herbs perennial; from bulbs or rhizomes. |
Bulbs | not clumped, tunicate, widely ovate, 10–30 × 8–20 mm; outer layer brown. |
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Stems | glabrous. |
underground or erect, scapose or leafy. |
Leaves | 12–50 cm × 2–10 mm. |
1–many; basal; cauline, or both, alternate, subopposite, or whorled, linear to ovate or square-shaped; petioles short or absent. |
Inflorescences | generally racemes, occasionally panicles, 10–50-flowered, 2–20 × 2–5 cm; branches less than 33% length of entire inflorescence; at 10–60° from main axis when fruiting; bracts 5–25 mm long, white to green; pedicels 3–25 mm. |
solitary; panicles; racemes, or umbels. |
Flowers | bisexual, campanulate 5–10 mm in diameter; tepals ovate to obtuse, 2–6 × 1–3 mm; outer and inner tepals clawed, persistent in fruit; gland greenish yellow. |
radially symmetrical; erect or pendent; perianth segments 6; distinct; in 2 petal-like whorls; stamens 3 or 6; ovary superior; style 1; stigmas entire or 3-lobed. |
Fruits | cylindrical 8–14 × 4–5 mm. |
capsules or berries. |
Seeds | flat or angled. |
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2n | =22. |
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Toxicoscordion venenosum |
Liliaceae |
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Distribution | ||
Discussion | Moist meadows to dry rocky hillsides. Flowering Apr–Jul. 0–2600m. All ecoregions except Est. CA, ID, NV, WA; north to British Columbia, east to UT. Native. |
Cosmopolitan. 15 genera; 9 genera treated in Flora. Due to taxonomic changes proposed by Stevens (2001), most genera formerly contained within Liliaceae have been placed in other families, most notably Amaryllidaceae and Asparagaceae. |
Source | Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 314 Tamra Prior |
Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 290 |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Toxicoscordion venenosum var. gramineum, Zigadenus venenosus, Toxicoscordion venenosum var. venenosum, Zigadenus venenosus var. gramineus, Zigadenus venenosus var. venenosus, Zygadenus venenosus, Zygadenus venenosus var. venenosus | |
Web links |
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