Poa cusickii |
Poa howellii |
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Cusick's bluegrass |
Howell's bluegrass |
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Habit | Plants perennial, gynodioecious, or all pistillate, 10–60(70)cm long, usually densely cespitose with short rhizomes. | Plants annual, rarely perennial, (10)25– 80(120) cm tall; densely cespitose. |
Basal branching | intravaginal or intra- and extravaginal. |
intravaginal. |
Leaves | sheaths closed 25–75% of their length, bases of basal sheaths glabrous; collars smooth or scabrous, glabrous, ligules of cauline leaves 1–3(6)mm; tips truncate to acute, ligules of sterile shoots 0.2– 0.5(2.5)mm; tips usually truncate; blades involute to flat, 0.2– 3.5 mm wide; all about equal or the upper ones slightly reduced in length; upper surface usually densely scabrous or hispidulous to softly puberulent, infrequently nearly smooth and glabrous; lower surface smooth or scabrous; uppermost blade 0.5–5(6)cm. |
sheaths closed 50% or more of their length; ligules 1.5–5(10)mm, blades of tillers flat, 1–7(10) mm wide, finely scabrous; cauline blades 2–10 cm. |
Inflorescences | usually erect, tightly or loosely contracted, narrowly lanceoloid to ovoid, 2–10(12) cm; spikelets 10–100; branches erect or steeply ascending, 0.5–4(5)cm long, 1–3(5) per node, with 1–15 spikelets. |
erect, eventually open, 10–25(30)cm; the branches eventually spreading or reflexed. |
Spikelets | broadly lanceolate to narrowly ovate; to 3 times as long as wide; (3)4–10 mm; florets 2–6; rachilla internodes 0.5–1.2 mm long. |
(2)4– 6 mm; florets 2–5; rachilla internodes about 1 mm; smooth, softly puberulent or occasionally glabrous. |
Glumes | lanceolate; lower glumes 3-veined, distinctly shorter than the lowest lemma. |
slightly unequal; keels and sometimes lateral veins scabrous; lower glumes 1–3-veined. |
Calluses | glabrous or with short; sparse, sometimes diffuse cobwebby hairs less than 25% of the lemma length. |
with sparse cobwebby hairs on at least some florets. |
Lemmas | lanceolate to broadly lanceolate; (3)4–7 mm, distinctly keeled, membranous; smooth or sparsely to densely scabrous, glabrous throughout, or keels and/or marginal veins softly puberulent near the base; tips acute. |
lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 2.5– 3.5 mm, distinctly keeled, evenly crisply puberulent near the base, finely scabrous distally; margins narrowly hyaline; tips narrowly acute, rarely purple. |
Anthers | vestigial and 0.1–0.2 mm, aborted late in development, or well developed and 2–3.5 mm. |
0.2–1 mm. |
Culm(s) | 0.5–1.8 mm thick; nodes terete, 0–2 exserted. |
nodes terete. |
Poa cusickii |
Poa howellii |
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Distribution | ||
Discussion | 4 subspecies. Poa cusickii is a common upland bluegrass with a dense inflorescence. It is usually densely cespitose, though some plants may have short rhizomes. Similar P. fendleriana has reduced uppermost flag blades, and lemmas with silky hairs on the keels and marginal veins. Poa leibergii has narrower leaves and usually longer ligules. Poa wheeleri can be misidentified as P. cusickii if the specimen is collected without its distinctive scabrous leaf sheaths. Poa pringlei, restricted to southwestern Oregon near the California border, has longer ligules, sheaths closed to about a third their length, and glabrous (to scabrous) lemmas. It is dioecious, whereas P. cusickii plants are bisexual or entirely pistillate. |
Open, often moist woods and bottomlands, often with moss or boulders. 0–1100m. Casc, ECas, Sisk, WV. CA, WA; north to British Columbia. Native. |
Source | Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 455 Rob Soreng, Barbara Wilson, Richard Brainerd, Nick Otting |
Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 457 Rob Soreng, Barbara Wilson, Richard Brainerd, Nick Otting |
Sibling taxa | ||
Subordinate taxa | ||
Web links |
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