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annual bluegrass

wood bluegrass, woodland bluegrass

Habit Plants annual, rarely biennial, 2–20(45)cm tall; cespitose. Plants perennial, 30–80 cm long; densely cespitose; shoots all or most flowering at anthesis, vegetative shoots appearing late in the growing season.
Culms

nodes terete or weakly compressed.

nodes slightly compressed, 2–5 exserted; the uppermost node in upper 25–50% of culm.

Basal branching

intravaginal.

intraor extravaginal or mostly extravaginal.

Leaves

sheaths closed about 33% of their length;

ligules 0.5–3(5) mm;

blades flat or weakly folded, 1–10 cm × 1–3(6)mm; smooth.

sheaths closed to 20% of their length, bases of basal sheaths glabrous;

ligules 0.2– 0.8(1)mm long, truncate;

blades mostly flat, 0.8–3 mm wide.

Inflorescences

1–7(10)cm;

branches ascending to spreading or reflexed.

narrowly lanceoloid to ovoid, generally 25–40% as broad as long at maturity; erect, or nodding in shade forms, sparsely to moderately congested, 7–16(20) cm long;

branches ascending to widely spreading, 2–5 per node, fairly straight.

Spikelets

3–5 mm long;

florets 2–6;

rachilla internodes smooth, glabrous; more or less concealed, occasionally exposed;

distal rachilla internode less than 50(75)% of the length of distal lemma.

narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate; to 2.5–3.5 times as long as wide, 3–8 mm, usually not glaucous;

florets (1)2–5;

rachilla internodes mostly less than 1 mm.

Glumes

lower glumes smooth, 1-veined.

tapering from the base or narrowly lanceolate;

keels smooth or sparsely scabrous;

lower glumes 3-veined, 6.4–11 times as long as wide;

upper glumes shorter than or subequal to lowest lemma.

Calluses

glabrous.

with sparse, often short; cobwebby hairs.

Lemmas

lanceolate, 2.5–4 mm, keeled; smooth; keels; marginal veins; and usually intermediate veins crisply puberulent to long-villous, rarely glabrous; area between veins glabrous;

tips obtuse to acute.

narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate, 2.4–4 mm; lower lemmas less than 20% as wide as long, distinctly keeled;

keels and marginal veins short-villous, intermediate veins glabrous; area between veins smooth or muriculate, glabrous;

tips acute, usually bronzecolored in part.

Anthers

0.6–1.1 mm, oblong.

0.8–1.9 mm.

2n

=28.

=28, 42.

Poa annua

Poa nemoralis

Distribution
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Disturbed areas, parking lots, lawns, shores. 0–1700m. BR, BW, Casc, Col, CR, Est, Lava, Sisk, WV. CA, ID, NV, WA; throughout southern Canada and US; worldwide. Exotic.

Poa annua is a small but abundant annual with spreading inflorescence branches and oblong anthers. Poa infirma is very similar but has ascending inflorescence branches and shorter, nearly spherical anthers. Poa supina, supine bluegrass, has inflorescences similar to P. annua, but it is a stoloniferous perennial with longer anthers. It is planted on shady golf courses and lawns where it forms dense, spongy turf. It has not been found in the wild in Oregon but is expected to escape here.

Moist, low elevation forests, streamsides, meadows. 50– 2000m. BW, Casc, ECas, WV. CA, WA; throughout most of North America; Eurasia. Exotic.

Poa nemoralis is a cespitose forest grass with short ligules and mostly open leaf sheaths. Similar P. interior has been reported from Oregon, but its presence here has not been confirmed. It has longer ligules and wider glumes and lemmas. Poa palustris has a more spreading growth form, culms branched above the base, well-developed callus hairs, narrow hyaline lemma margins, and incurving lemma keels.

Source Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 453
Rob Soreng, Barbara Wilson, Richard Brainerd, Nick Otting
Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 461
Rob Soreng, Barbara Wilson, Richard Brainerd, Nick Otting
Sibling taxa
P. alpina, P. bolanderi, P. bulbosa, P. chambersii, P. compressa, P. confinis, P. cusickii, P. fendleriana, P. glauca, P. howellii, P. iconia, P. infirma, P. laxiflora, P. leibergii, P. leptocoma, P. lettermanii, P. macrantha, P. mansfieldii, P. marcida, P. nemoralis, P. nervosa, P. palustris, P. piperi, P. pratensis, P. pringlei, P. reflexa, P. rhizomata, P. secunda, P. stenantha, P. suksdorfii, P. trivialis, P. unilateralis, P. wallowensis, P. wheeleri
P. alpina, P. annua, P. bolanderi, P. bulbosa, P. chambersii, P. compressa, P. confinis, P. cusickii, P. fendleriana, P. glauca, P. howellii, P. iconia, P. infirma, P. laxiflora, P. leibergii, P. leptocoma, P. lettermanii, P. macrantha, P. mansfieldii, P. marcida, P. nervosa, P. palustris, P. piperi, P. pratensis, P. pringlei, P. reflexa, P. rhizomata, P. secunda, P. stenantha, P. suksdorfii, P. trivialis, P. unilateralis, P. wallowensis, P. wheeleri
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