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canarygrass

Habit Plants annual or perennial, 4–230 cm tall, cespitose or rhizomatous.
Culms

sometimes swollen at the base.

Leaves

more or less evenly distributed;

sheaths open except occasionally at base; uppermost sheaths sometimes somewhat inflated;

ligules truncate to acuminate; hyaline;

blades flat, sometimes revolute.

Inflorescences

dense terminal panicles; ovoid to cylindric, sometimes interrupted; the spikelets borne singly or in clusters; if in clusters then the spikelets of 2 forms; the lower staminate or sterile and the upper bisexual or pistillate;

disarticulation below the sterile florets in species with solitary spikelets; at the base of the cluster or sometimes below the bisexual or pistillate spikelets in species with clustered spikelets.

Spikelets

laterally compressed with 1–3(4) florets; the terminal floret sexual; lower florets; if present, sterile.

Glumes

subequal; longer than the florets, 1–5-veined, keeled; the keels often winged.

Florets

sterile florets reduced to tiny knobs, linear; bristle-like structures or lanceolate lemmas to 75% as long as the bisexual florets; terminal florets bisexual or in spikelet clusters sometimes staminate or sterile).

Lemmas

of terminal florets leathery to hard; acute to acuminate or beaked; awnless; shiny, glabrous or hairy, inconspicuously 5-veined.

Paleas

similar in texture to the lemmas, enclosed by the lemmas at maturity, 1-veined.

Anthers

3.

Phalaris lemmonii

Phalaris

Distribution
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Temperate regions. 22 species; 6 species treated in Flora.

The sterile florets in the spikelet of many Phalaris species are often misinterpreted as tufts of hairs, but they are actually small, linear, hairy, vestigial lemmas. Two annual Phalaris were introduced to western Oregon but have not been found in more than 60 years. Phalaris caroliniana has glume wing margins entire and 0.8–1.5 mm wide, two sterile florets 1.5–2.5 mm, and a somewhat beaked fertile floret. Phalaris minor has glume wing margins often irregularly toothed or crenate and 0.3–0.5 mm wide and one sterile floret 0.7–1.8 mm.

Source Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 444
Barbara Wilson, Richard Brainerd, Nick Otting
Sibling taxa
P. angusta, P. aquatica, P. arundinacea, P. californica, P. canariensis, P. caroliniana, P. minor, P. paradoxa
Subordinate taxa
P. angusta, P. aquatica, P. arundinacea, P. californica, P. canariensis, P. caroliniana, P. minor, P. paradoxa
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