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yellow flag, yellow water iris

bearded iris, garden iris, German iris

Habit Herbs to 150 cm tall. Herbs to 120 cm tall.
Roots

fleshy;

rhizomes pink, freely branching, producing extensive clumps with remains of old leaves.

fleshy;

rhizomes homogeneous; many-branched.

Stems

usually 1-branched.

branched.

Leaves

deciduous; stiff; erect at first then recurved;

blades dark green with prominent median thickening, 20–30 mm wide;

cauline leaves equal in height to inflorescence.

unifacial; sword-shaped, 3.5 cm wide, forming an obvious fan.

Inflorescences

4–12-flowered;

bracts subequal, green with brown margins; outer bract strongly keeled.

1–3-flowered;

bracts green, sometimes with a purple base.

Flowers

perianth bright yellow or cream; signal a darker yellow basal patch delimited by short, brown lines;

petals without veining;

tube 12–13 mm;

stigmas rounded with prominent tongue.

perianth blue-violet, yellow, brown, or white with various patterns of color;

sepals with beard along midrib of claw and lower part of limb;

petals erect.

Fruits

angled, with obvious groove at each angle.

roundly 3-lobed.

Seeds

D-shaped, flattened; corky, lustrous.

red-brown, wrinkled.

2n

=24, 30, 32, 34.

Iris pseudacorus

Iris germanica

Distribution
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Swamps, wet shores of rivers and lakes, irrigation ditches. Flowering May–Jun. 0–1000 m. BW, CR, Est, Lava, WV. CA, ID, NV, WA; throughout North America; northern Africa, Eurasia. Exotic.

A native to Eurasia and Africa, this taxon is considered invasive in Oregon.

Persisting after cultivation near old homesteads. Flowering Apr–May. 100–200 m. ECas, WV. CA, WA; throughout North America; Europe. Exotic.

Iris germanica is presumably a cultivar resulting from hybridization between I. pallida and I. variegata. Some populations may also contain genetic material from other species, in which case other proposed names may be more appropriate (i.e., I. × conglomerata). The genetic makeup of Oregon plants is currently unknown.

Source Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 261
Ann Willyard
Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 261
Ann Willyard
Sibling taxa
I. bracteata, I. chrysophylla, I. douglasiana, I. germanica, I. innominata, I. missouriensis, I. tenax, I. tenuis, I. tenuissima
I. bracteata, I. chrysophylla, I. douglasiana, I. innominata, I. missouriensis, I. pseudacorus, I. tenax, I. tenuis, I. tenuissima
Web links