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four-angled spikerush, square-stemmed spikerush

few-flowered spikerush

Habit Plants perennial; rhizomes 1.5–4 mm thick, longer internodes 3–8 cm, tubers absent. Plants perennial, rhizomatous; rhizomes 0.2–1 mm thick; resting buds often present on rhizomes or among culm bases, broadly to narrowly ovoid, 3–6(10) × 2–5 mm; caudices absent, rarely present, soft or rarely hard, 0.5 mm thick.
Culms

acutely quadrangular; (30)45–105 cm × (1)2–5.4 mm.

subterete to slightly compressed; to 2 times wider than thick, 5–15 cm × 0.2–0.5(1.2) mm; culm tufts often proximally bulbous (if bulbous then tunicated by papery-fibrous scales).

Spikes

(15)20–76 × 3–5(6) mm;

proximal scale empty; amplexicaul; (1)2.2–5.4 mm; floral scales (28)45–135, 2–3 per mm of rachilla; (4)4.5–6.2 × 2.8–5 mm;

apex rounded to obtuse.

with proximal internodes shorter and thicker than those in the middle of the spike, 3–8 × 1.5– 4 mm;

proximal scale subtending a flower; seldom empty, 2–5 mm, 50% or more as long as spike; floral scales 3–10 per spike, 2.5–6 × 1.5–2.5 mm.

Flowers

perianth bristles 6–7, often markedly unequal; shorter than achene or some equaling tubercle;

anthers 2.3–2.9 mm;

stigmas 3, sometimes 2.

perianth bristles (0)3–6, often unequal; rudimentary to equaling tubercle;

anthers 1.5–2.7(3.5) mm;

stigmas 3.

Achenes

biconvex, 1.8–3 × 1.3–2 mm; almost smooth to markedly sculptured at 10–15×; each face with 19–38 rows of almost linear, transversely elongated cells; which are sometimes isodiametric at achene base.

equilaterally trigonous to compressed-trigonous, rarely some biconvex, 1.6–2.3 × 0.7–1.3 mm.

Distal leaf sheaths

persistent;

apex narrowly acute to acuminate, sometimes prolonged into a blade-like portion to 8 cm.

apex often reddish, subtruncate to acute.

Tubercles

deltoid to high-pyramidal or lanceoloid, 0.7–1.5 × 0.4–1 mm, often spongy.

rarely absent, 0.3–0.4 × 0.2–0.3 mm.

Eleocharis quadrangulata

Eleocharis quinqueflora

Distribution
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Shallow water of freshwater marshes, ditches, wet meadows, and lake shores. 100–200 m. WV. CA; south to Mexico; eastern North America. Exotic.

Eleocharis quadrangulata is a robust spikerush with long, pale spikes and rectangular culms.

Fens, wet meadows, seeps, springs, hot springs. 500–2900 m. BR, BW, Casc, ECas, Owy, Sisk. CA, ID, NV, WA; north to AK, east to Greenland and DE, southeast to NE and NM; Eurasia. Native.

See also E. suksdorfiana.

Source Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 242
Barbara Wilson, Richard Brainerd, Nick Otting
Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 243
Barbara Wilson, Richard Brainerd, Nick Otting
Sibling taxa
E. acicularis, E. bella, E. bolanderi, E. decumbens, E. engelmannii, E. erythropoda, E. macrostachya, E. obtusa, E. ovata, E. palustris, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. quinqueflora, E. rostellata, E. suksdorfiana
E. acicularis, E. bella, E. bolanderi, E. decumbens, E. engelmannii, E. erythropoda, E. macrostachya, E. obtusa, E. ovata, E. palustris, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. quadrangulata, E. rostellata, E. suksdorfiana
Synonyms Eleocharis pauciflora, Eleocharis pauciflora var. pauciflora, Eleocharis pauciflora var. suksdorfiana, Scirpus pauciflorus
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