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small spikerush

Bolander's spikerush

Habit Plants perennial, rhizomatous, internodes to 4 cm; tubers terminating rhizomes usually markedly J- or horseshoe-shaped, body (apart from apical bud) oblong, 2–2.5(5) × 0.5–1 mm; tubers among culm bases straight, narrowly fusiform, 4–5 mm. Plants perennial, densely cespitose; rhizomes caudex-like, mostly hidden by culms and roots, short, 1.5–3 mm thick, internodes very short.
Culms

terete, 2–9 cm × 0.2–0.5 mm.

subterete, 10–30 cm × 0.3–0.5 mm.

Spikes

2–4 × 1–2 mm;

proximal scale 50% or more of spike length; floral scales 6–10 per spike, 1.4–2.7 mm;

apex rounded to subacute.

ovoid, 3–8 × 2–3 mm;

proximal scale clasping; entire, subproximal scale with flower; floral scales 8–30, 4–5 per mm of rachilla, 2–3 × 1.5 mm;

apex entire; acute, often keeled in distal part of spike.

Flowers

perianth bristles 6, usually equaling achene to slightly exceeding tubercle, sometimes unequal and some 50% of achene; very rarely rudimentary;

anthers 0.7–1.2 mm;

stigmas (2)3.

perianth bristles 3–6, often unequal; from rudimentary to 50% of achene length;

anthers 0.9–1.4 mm;

stigmas 3.

Achenes

thickly trigonous, 0.9–1.2 × 0.55–0.75 mm.

slightly to greatly compressed-trigonous, rarely thickly lenticular, 0.9–1.2 × 0.65–0.8 mm.

Distal leaf sheaths

often disintegrating, thinly membranous;

apex rounded.

persistent, not splitting;

apex obtuse, rarely hardened, lacking a tooth.

Tubercles

0.1–0.2 × 0.15 mm.

flat to shallowly pyramidal; lower than wide, 0.1–0.3 × 0.4–0.65 mm.

Eleocharis parvula

Eleocharis bolanderi

Distribution
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Brackish or saline tidal marshes and other coastal wetlands. 0–50 m. Est. CA, WA; throughout much of North America; Eurasia. Native.

When growing submerged in deeper water, the plants may not produce spikes and can be confused with E. acicularis and Schoenoplectus subterminalis.

Shallow, rocky, ephemeral streams. 1100–2100 m. BR, BW, Owy. CA, NV, ID; east to CO. Native.

Eleocharis bolanderi is easily recognized in summer when it forms masses of dry, brown, dormant and apparently dead culms in dry stream beds. It is easily pulled up to expose its cespitose habit. The virtually flat tubercles are particularly distinctive.

Source Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 242
Barbara Wilson, Richard Brainerd, Nick Otting
Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 240
Barbara Wilson, Richard Brainerd, Nick Otting
Sibling taxa
E. acicularis, E. bella, E. bolanderi, E. decumbens, E. engelmannii, E. erythropoda, E. macrostachya, E. obtusa, E. ovata, E. palustris, E. parishii, E. quadrangulata, E. quinqueflora, E. rostellata, E. suksdorfiana
E. acicularis, E. bella, E. decumbens, E. engelmannii, E. erythropoda, E. macrostachya, E. obtusa, E. ovata, E. palustris, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. quadrangulata, E. quinqueflora, E. rostellata, E. suksdorfiana
Synonyms Eleocharis parvula var. parvula, Scirpus nanus
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