Eleocharis engelmannii |
Eleocharis quadrangulata |
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Engelmann's spikerush |
four-angled spikerush, square-stemmed spikerush |
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Habit | Plants annual, tufted. | Plants perennial; rhizomes 1.5–4 mm thick, longer internodes 3–8 cm, tubers absent. |
Culms | terete, 2–40 cm × 0.5–1.5(2) mm. |
acutely quadrangular; (30)45–105 cm × (1)2–5.4 mm. |
Spikes | lanceoloid to subcylindric, 5–10(20) × 2–3(4) mm; proximal scale empty, encircling approximately 67% of culm; floral scales 25–100(200), 8–12 per mm of rachilla, 2(2.5) × 1–1.3 mm; apex narrowly rounded to subacute. |
(15)20–76 × 3–5(6) mm; proximal scale empty; amplexicaul; (1)2.2–5.4 mm; floral scales (28)45–135, 2–3 per mm of rachilla; (4)4.5–6.2 × 2.8–5 mm; apex rounded to obtuse. |
Flowers | perianth bristles present or often absent; (0)5–8; about as long as the achenes; anthers 0.3–0.7(1) mm; stigmas 2–3. |
perianth bristles 6–7, often markedly unequal; shorter than achene or some equaling tubercle; anthers 2.3–2.9 mm; stigmas 3, sometimes 2. |
Achenes | biconvex or to 33% greatly compressed trigonous, 0.9–1.1(1.5) × 0.7– 1.1 mm. |
biconvex, 1.8–3 × 1.3–2 mm; almost smooth to markedly sculptured at 10–15×; each face with 19–38 rows of almost linear, transversely elongated cells; which are sometimes isodiametric at achene base. |
Distal leaf sheaths | persistent, apex of distal leaf sheath obtuse to acute, with tooth to 0.3 mm. |
persistent; apex narrowly acute to acuminate, sometimes prolonged into a blade-like portion to 8 cm. |
Tubercles | depressed, subdeltoid, 0.1–0.3(0.4) × 0.6–0.9(1) mm, 10–40% as high as wide, 25% or less as high as achene, 90% as wide as achene. |
deltoid to high-pyramidal or lanceoloid, 0.7–1.5 × 0.4–1 mm, often spongy. |
Eleocharis engelmannii |
Eleocharis quadrangulata |
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Distribution | ||
Discussion | Freshwater shores exposed by seasonal low water levels, marshes, disturbed wetlands. 50–500 m. WV. CA, ID, WA; north to British Columbia, east to MA, southeast to AL. Native. Eleocharis engelmannii is similar to E. ovata and the much more common E. obtusa but has markedly shorter tubercles and usually more cylindric spikes. |
Shallow water of freshwater marshes, ditches, wet meadows, and lake shores. 100–200 m. WV. CA; south to Mexico; eastern North America. Exotic. Eleocharis quadrangulata is a robust spikerush with long, pale spikes and rectangular culms. |
Source | Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 241 Barbara Wilson, Richard Brainerd, Nick Otting |
Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 242 Barbara Wilson, Richard Brainerd, Nick Otting |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Eleocharis engelmannii var. engelmannii, Eleocharis engelmannii var. monticola, Eleocharis obtusa var. engelmannii | |
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