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Engelmann's spikerush

four-angled spikerush, square-stemmed spikerush

Habit Plants annual, tufted. Plants perennial; rhizomes 1.5–4 mm thick, longer internodes 3–8 cm, tubers absent.
Culms

terete, 2–40 cm × 0.5–1.5(2) mm.

acutely quadrangular; (30)45–105 cm × (1)2–5.4 mm.

Spikes

lanceoloid to subcylindric, 5–10(20) × 2–3(4) mm;

proximal scale empty, encircling approximately 67% of culm; floral scales 25–100(200), 8–12 per mm of rachilla, 2(2.5) × 1–1.3 mm;

apex narrowly rounded to subacute.

(15)20–76 × 3–5(6) mm;

proximal scale empty; amplexicaul; (1)2.2–5.4 mm; floral scales (28)45–135, 2–3 per mm of rachilla; (4)4.5–6.2 × 2.8–5 mm;

apex rounded to obtuse.

Flowers

perianth bristles present or often absent; (0)5–8; about as long as the achenes;

anthers 0.3–0.7(1) mm;

stigmas 2–3.

perianth bristles 6–7, often markedly unequal; shorter than achene or some equaling tubercle;

anthers 2.3–2.9 mm;

stigmas 3, sometimes 2.

Achenes

biconvex or to 33% greatly compressed trigonous, 0.9–1.1(1.5) × 0.7– 1.1 mm.

biconvex, 1.8–3 × 1.3–2 mm; almost smooth to markedly sculptured at 10–15×; each face with 19–38 rows of almost linear, transversely elongated cells; which are sometimes isodiametric at achene base.

Distal leaf sheaths

persistent, apex of distal leaf sheath obtuse to acute, with tooth to 0.3 mm.

persistent;

apex narrowly acute to acuminate, sometimes prolonged into a blade-like portion to 8 cm.

Tubercles

depressed, subdeltoid, 0.1–0.3(0.4) × 0.6–0.9(1) mm, 10–40% as high as wide, 25% or less as high as achene, 90% as wide as achene.

deltoid to high-pyramidal or lanceoloid, 0.7–1.5 × 0.4–1 mm, often spongy.

Eleocharis engelmannii

Eleocharis quadrangulata

Distribution
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Freshwater shores exposed by seasonal low water levels, marshes, disturbed wetlands. 50–500 m. WV. CA, ID, WA; north to British Columbia, east to MA, southeast to AL. Native.

Eleocharis engelmannii is similar to E. ovata and the much more common E. obtusa but has markedly shorter tubercles and usually more cylindric spikes.

Shallow water of freshwater marshes, ditches, wet meadows, and lake shores. 100–200 m. WV. CA; south to Mexico; eastern North America. Exotic.

Eleocharis quadrangulata is a robust spikerush with long, pale spikes and rectangular culms.

Source Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 241
Barbara Wilson, Richard Brainerd, Nick Otting
Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 242
Barbara Wilson, Richard Brainerd, Nick Otting
Sibling taxa
E. acicularis, E. bella, E. bolanderi, E. decumbens, E. erythropoda, E. macrostachya, E. obtusa, E. ovata, E. palustris, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. quadrangulata, E. quinqueflora, E. rostellata, E. suksdorfiana
E. acicularis, E. bella, E. bolanderi, E. decumbens, E. engelmannii, E. erythropoda, E. macrostachya, E. obtusa, E. ovata, E. palustris, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. quinqueflora, E. rostellata, E. suksdorfiana
Synonyms Eleocharis engelmannii var. engelmannii, Eleocharis engelmannii var. monticola, Eleocharis obtusa var. engelmannii
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